Table 2.
Comparison of hospitals based on adjusted HCAHPS scores for high patient satisfaction
| Characteristic | Low satisfaction | Intermediate satisfaction | High satisfaction | Highest satisfaction | P† |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. (%) | No. (%) | No. (%) | No. (%) | ||
| Hospitals | 113 (25.2) | 116 (25.9) | 106 (23.7) | 113 (25.2) | |
| Patients | 13 279 (21.0) | 16 451 (26.0) | 17 555 (27.8) | 15 912 (25.2) | |
| Range | 33.0–56.0 | 57.0–62.0 | 63.0–68.0 | 69.0–91.0 | |
| Mean (SD)* | 49.6 (5.99) | 59.9 (1.68) | 65.4 (1.63) | 73.0 (4.27) | <.001 |
| Median (IQR)* | 52.0 (46.0–55.0) | 60.0 (59.0–61.0) | 65.0 (64.0–67.0) | 72.0 (70.0–75.0) | <.001 |
| Patient characteristics | |||||
| Age, y | <.001 | ||||
| <40 | 344 (2.6) | 417 (2.5) | 453 (2.6) | 383 (2.4) | |
| 40–49 | 1141 (8.6) | 1416 (8.6) | 1515 (8.6) | 1323 (8.3) | |
| 50–59 | 2787 (21.0) | 3732 (22.7) | 4126 (23.5) | 3703 (23.3) | |
| 60–69 | 4075 (30.7) | 5055 (30.7) | 5701 (32.5) | 5377 (33.8) | |
| 70–79 | 3005 (22.6) | 3671 (22.3) | 3811 (21.7) | 3444 (21.6) | |
| ≥80 | 1927 (14.5) | 2160 (13.1) | 1949 (11.1) | 1682 (10.6) | |
| Sex | <.001 | ||||
| Male | 5557 (41.8) | 7206 (43.8) | 8306 (47.3) | 7578 (47.6) | |
| Female | 7673 (57.8) | 9130 (55.5) | 9189 (52.3) | 8290 (52.1) | |
| Unknown | 49 (0.4) | 115 (0.7) | 60 (0.3) | 44 (0.3) | |
| Primary site | <.001 | ||||
| Bladder | 254 (1.9) | 390 (2.4) | 431 (2.5) | 378 (2.4) | |
| Breast | 2316 (17.4) | 2999 (18.2) | 3191 (18.2) | 2781 (17.5) | |
| Colon | 3573 (26.9) | 4007 (24.4) | 3532 (20.1) | 3333 (20.9) | |
| Esophageal | 38 (0.3) | 69 (0.4) | 176 (1.0) | 126 (0.8) | |
| Lung | 1544 (11.6) | 2458 (14.9) | 2400 (13.7) | 2261 (14.2) | |
| Ovary | 824 (6.2) | 728 (4.4) | 743 (4.2) | 697 (4.4) | |
| Pancreas | 246 (1.9) | 298 (1.8) | 444 (2.5) | 437 (2.7) | |
| Prostate | 2585 (19.5) | 3506 (21.3) | 4577 (26.1) | 4104 (25.8) | |
| Gastric | 357 (2.7) | 382 (2.3) | 419 (2.4) | 355 (2.2) | |
| Uterine | 1542 (11.6) | 1614 (9.8) | 1642 (9.4) | 1440 (9.0) | |
| Race | <.001 | ||||
| White | 9254 (69.7) | 11 288 (68.6) | 13 555 (77.2) | 10 885 (68.4) | |
| Black | 1369 (10.3) | 1668 (10.1) | 1207 (6.9) | 1075 (6.8) | |
| Hispanic | 1300 (9.8) | 1498 (9.1) | 1165 (6.6) | 449 (2.8) | |
| Other | 1114 (8.4) | 921 (5.6) | 791 (4.5) | 961 (6.0) | |
| Unknown | 242 (1.8) | 1076 (6.5) | 837 (4.8) | 2542 (16.0) | |
| Year of surgery | <.001 | ||||
| 2009 | 7484 (56.4) | 9139 (55.6) | 7280 (41.5) | 8857 (55.7) | |
| 2010 | 5795 (43.6) | 7312 (44.4) | 10 275 (58.5) | 7055 (44.3) | |
| Income | <.001 | ||||
| Low | 2236 (16.8) | 2715 (16.5) | 2850 (16.2) | 3301 (20.7) | |
| Intermediate | 3147 (23.7) | 3194 (19.4) | 4171 (23.8) | 3903 (24.5) | |
| High | 3827 (28.8) | 4026 (24.5) | 4656 (26.5) | 3370 (21.2) | |
| Highest | 3753 (28.3) | 6225 (37.8) | 5547 (31.6) | 5005 (31.5) | |
| Unknown | 316 (2.4) | 291 (1.8) | 331 (1.9) | 333 (2.1) | |
| Insurance status | <.001 | ||||
| Medicare | 6540 (49.3) | 7783 (47.3) | 8119 (46.2) | 7363 (46.3) | |
| Medicaid | 791 (6.0) | 1032 (6.3) | 961 (5.5) | 652 (4.1) | |
| Commercial | 5390 (40.6) | 7043 (42.8) | 7892 (45.0) | 7331 (46.1) | |
| Self pay | 267 (2.0) | 194 (1.2) | 237 (1.4) | 231 (1.5) | |
| Other | 291 (2.2) | 396 (2.4) | 333 (1.9) | 330 (2.1) | |
| Unknown | 0 | 3 (0.02) | 13 (0.1) | 5 (0.03) | |
| Admission type | <.001 | ||||
| Urgent | 2244 (16.9) | 2052 (12.5) | 1739 (9.9) | 1849 (11.6) | |
| Elective | 8219 (61.9) | 10 326 (62.8) | 12 292 (70.0) | 11 528 (72.4) | |
| Other | 2816 (21.2) | 4073 (24.8) | 3524 (20.1) | 2535 (15.9) | |
| Admission source | <.001 | ||||
| ER | 476 (3.6) | 462 (2.8) | 371 (2.1) | 180 (1.1) | |
| Hospital/facility | 9074 (68.3) | 11 107 (67.5) | 13 126 (74.8) | 12 635 (79.4) | |
| Other | 3729 (28.1) | 4882 (29.7) | 4058 (23.1) | 3097 (19.5) | |
| Elixhauser comorbidity | <.001 | ||||
| 1 | 6870 (51.7) | 8749 (53.2) | 9741 (55.5) | 8989 (56.5) | |
| 2 | 3669 (27.6) | 4531 (27.5) | 4731 (26.9) | 4305 (27.1) | |
| ≥3 | 2740 (20.6) | 3171 (19.3) | 3083 (17.6) | 2618 (16.5) | |
| Hospital characteristics | |||||
| Hospital size | .03 | ||||
| Small | 13 (11.5) | 25 (21.6) | 23 (21.7) | 36 (31.9) | |
| Medium | 39 (34.5) | 37 (31.9) | 33 (31.1) | 32 (28.3) | |
| Large | 61 (54.0) | 54 (46.6) | 50 (47.2) | 45 (39.8) | |
| Region | .01 | ||||
| Northeast | 33 (29.2) | 37 (31.9) | 35 (33.0) | 27 (23.9) | |
| Midwest | 6 (5.3) | 18 (15.5) | 22 (20.8) | 25 (22.1) | |
| South | 38 (33.6) | 22 (19.0) | 20 (18.9) | 30 (26.5) | |
| West | 36 (31.9) | 39 (33.6) | 29 (27.4) | 31 (27.4) | |
| Location | .01 | ||||
| Rural | 20 (17.7) | 25 (21.6) | 17 (16.0) | 38 (33.6) | |
| Urban | 93 (82.3) | 91 (78.4) | 89 (84.0) | 75 (66.4) | |
| Teaching status | .97 | ||||
| Nonteaching | 82 (72.6) | 82 (70.7) | 77 (72.6) | 83 (73.5) | |
| Teaching | 31 (27.4) | 34 (29.3) | 29 (27.4) | 30 (26.5) | |
| Hospital ownership | <.001 | ||||
| Government | 5 (4.4) | 6 (5.2) | 8 (7.5) | 15 (13.3) | |
| Private, not for profit | 19 (16.8) | 27 (23.3) | 21 (19.8) | 32 (28.3) | |
| Private, for profit | 33 (29.2) | 10 (8.6) | 12 (11.3) | 4 (3.5) | |
| Unknown | 56 (49.6) | 73 (62.9) | 65 (61.3) | 62 (54.9) | |
* Mean and median represent values of Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems scores within each group. HCAHPS = Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems; IQR = interquartile range.
† Analysis of variance and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were used to compare continuous variables, while χ2 tests were used to compare categorical variables. All tests were two-sided.