Table 2. Associations of alcohol (per 10g ethanol per day) with gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT, U/L) using a Mendelian randomization design and an observational multivariable linear regression analysis among participants from the Phase 3 of Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study (2006–2008).
| Mendelian randomization instrumental variable analysis | Observational multivariable regression analysis † | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Selection | Number | F-statistic | β | 95% confidence interval | β | 95% confidence interval |
| Men | ||||||
| Total | 2,321 | 70 | 10.60 | 6.58 to 14.62 | 3.48 | 2.84 to 4.11 |
| Excluding heavy users | 2,155 | 51 | 49.34 | 25.3 to 73.39 | 3.65 | 0.55 to 6.75 |
| Excluding former users | 2,166 | 73 | 10.15 | 6.33 to 13.97 | 3.51 | 2.87 to 4.15 |
| Excluding heavy and former users | 2,000 | 54 | 45.89 | 23.65 to 68.13 | 3.78 | 0.67 to 6.90 |
| Women | ||||||
| Total | 2,757 | 6.8 | -15.1 | -75.61 to 45.42 | 0.99 | -1.98 to 3.95 |
| Excluding heavy users | 2,748 | 5.4 | -42.9 | -220.17 to 134.36 | 11.15 | 3.51 to 18.80 |
| Excluding former users | 2,610 | 7.2 | -9.35 | -66.5 to 47.81 | 0.94 | -2.04 to 3.93 |
| Excluding heavy and former users | 2,601 | 5.8 | -25.8 | -189.5 to 137.87 | 10.99 | 3.29 to 18.70 |
† Adjusted for age, education, physical activity and smoking.