Table 4.

Cross-validation of disruptors

Tumor microenvironment prototypical disruptors	Deregulated metabolism	Evasion of anti-growth signaling	Angiogenesis	Genetic instability	Immune system evasion	Resistance to cell death	Replicative immortality	Sustained proliferative signaling	Tissue invasion and metastasis	Tumor- promoting inflammation
Nickel	+ Not known	+ (30)	+ (253)	+ (254)	0	+/− (255,256)	− (257,258)	+ (259)	+ (260)	+ (261)
BPA	+ (262)	+ (92)	+ (227)	+ (263)	0	+/− (264,265)	+ (266)	+ (267)	+ Not known	+ (268)
Butyltins (such as TBT)	+ (269)	+ (270)	0	+ (271)	0	− (272,273)	0	− (274)	0	+ (95)
MeHg	+ (275)	+ (276,277)	− (278)	+ (279)	0	− (280–283)	0	+ (284)	0	+ (285,286)
Paraquat	+, 0	+ (287)	0	+ (288)	0	− (289,290)	0	− (225)	0	+ (291)

(+): Targets and chemicals those were not only relevant for tumor microenvironment but also relevant for other areas of cancer biology (i.e. pro-carcinogenic). (−): Targets and chemicals that were found to have opposing actions (i.e. anti-carcinogenic). (+/−): Instances where reports on relevant actions in other aspects of cancer biology were mixed (i.e., reports showing both pro-carcinogenic potential and anti-carcinogenic potential). (0): Instances where no literature support was found to document the relevance of a target site or chemical in a particular aspect of cancer biology.