Table 1.
Frailty and other multidimensional concepts which influence health, independence and quality of life in elderly patients with cardiovascular disease
| Components | Tools for measurement | |
|---|---|---|
| Frailty | Exercise capacity | Time to walk 4–10 m |
| Muscle strength | Grip strength by dynamometer | |
| Nutritional status | Reported weight loss, | |
| Frail screening tool | ||
| Fried criteria | ||
| Disability | ||
| Dependency | Ability to undertake activities of daily living—shopping, finances, cleaning, cooking etc. | Nagi scale |
| Dependent for basic cares—eating, toileting, washing, etc. | Katz | |
| Cognitive function | Memory and executive function | MMSE, Montreal Cognitive Assessment Tool |
| Mood | Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression scale | |
| Physiological function | Measures of organ system function | Creatinine clearance, albumin, haemoglobin, forced expiratory volume in 1 s |
| Comorbidity | Number and severity of chronic conditions | Charlson index |
| Social support | Family or community support | |
| Financial resources | ||