Table 3.
Model parameter | Men |
Women |
||
---|---|---|---|---|
Est. (CI) | P | Est. (CI) | P | |
Alcohol consequences (college T2)a | ||||
On depressive symptoms (T2) | 0.15 (0.07, 0.24) | <.001 | 0.02 (–0.06, 0.09) | .66 |
On number of drinks/month (T2) | 0.43 (0.31, 0.56) | <.001 | 0.55 (0.46, 0.64) | <.001 |
On coping motives (T2) | 0 | – | 0.23 (0.14, 0.33) | <.001 |
On social motives (T2) | 0.14 (0.03, 0.25) | .01 | 0 | – |
On enhancement motives (T1) | 0 | – | 0.19 (0.10, 0.28) | <.001 |
Number of drinks/month (college T2)b | ||||
On coping motives (T2) | 0 | – | 0.10 (0.02, 0.19) | .02 |
On social motives (T2) | 0.13 (0.00, 0.27) | .07 | 0.11 (–0.02, 0.22) | .07 |
On enhancement motives (T2) | 0.31 (0.18, 0.45) | <.001 | 0.26 (0.14, 0.38) | <.001 |
On conformity motives (T2) | 0 | – | –0.09 (–0.17, 0.00) | .04 |
On positive expectancies (T2) | 0.14 (0.02, 0.26) | .02 | 0 | – |
On number of drinks/month (T1) | 0.30 (0.22, 0.39) | <.001 | 0.51 (0.41, 0.59) | <.001 |
On conformity motives (T1) | –0.14 (–0.23, –0.06) | .01 | 0 | – |
On positive expectancies (T1) | 0.12 (–0.00, 0.25) | .07 | 0 | – |
Coping motives for drinking (college T2)c | ||||
On depressive symptoms (T1) | 0 | – | 0.12 (0.00, 0.22) | .03 |
With social motives (T2) | 0.12 (0.06, 0.19) | <.001 | 0.28 (0.20, 0.37) | <.001 |
With enhancement motives (T2) | 0.12 (0.07, 0.19) | <.001 | 0.25 (0.16, 0.34) | <.001 |
With conformity motives (T2) | 0.17 (0.07, 0.29) | .01 | 0.29 (0.19, 0.40) | <.001 |
On positive expectancies (T2) | 0.36 (0.16, 0.43) | <.001 | 0.35 (0.23, 0.48) | <.001 |
On coping motives (T1) | 0.30 (0.16, 0.43) | <.001 | 0.35 (0.23, 0.48) | <.001 |
On social motives (T1) | 0 | – | –0.17 (–0.29, –0.06) | .01 |
On enhancement motives (T1) | –0.09 (–0.20, –0.01) | <.001 | 0 | – |
On conformity motives (T1) | 0.13 (0.03, 0.24) | .01 | 0 | – |
On positive expectancies (T1) | –0.14 (–0.27, –0.01) | .04 | –0.13 (–0.24, –0.01) | .03 |
Social motives for drinking (college T2)d | ||||
On depressive symptoms (T1) | 0 | – | –0.08 (–0.15, –0.00) | .04 |
With enhancement motives (T2) | 0.30 (0.23, 0.38) | <.001 | 0.39 (0.32, 0.48) | <.001 |
With conformity motives (T2) | 0.09 (0.03, 0.14) | .01 | 0.22 (0.16, 0.30) | <.001 |
On negative expectancies (T2) | 0.10 (0.01, 0.20) | .03 | 0 | – |
On positive expectancies (T2) | 0.44 (0.33, 0.55) | <.001 | 0.42 (0.31, 0.51) | <.001 |
On coping motives (T1) | –0.12 (–0.23, –0.02) | .02 | 0 | – |
On social motives (T1) | 0.41 (0.31, 0.50) | <.001 | 0.44 (0.37, 0.53) | <.001 |
On positive expectancies (T1) | –0.15 (–0.27, –0.04) | .01 | –0.11 (–0.20, –0.01) | .03 |
On Black or African-American (vs. others) | 0 | – | 0.58 (0.14, 1.04) | .01 |
Enhancement motives (college T2)e | ||||
On depressive symptoms (T1) | –0.07 (–0.15, 0.00) | .06 | –0.08 (–0.16, 0.01) | .07 |
With conformity motives (T2) | 0 | – | 0.19 (0.13, 0.27) | <.001 |
On positive expectancies (T2) | 0.43 (0.33, 0.52) | <.001 | 0.41 (0.29, 0.50) | <.001 |
On coping motives (T1) | –0.15 (–0.25, –0.05) | .01 | 0 | – |
On enhancement motives (T1) | 0.52 (0.44, 0.60) | <.001 | 0.48 (0.41, 0.56) | <.001 |
On positive expectancies (T1) | –0.12 (–0.24, 0.01) | .09 | –0.11 (–0.22, –0.11) | .03 |
On Hispanic or Latino (vs. others) | 0 | – | –0.24 (–0.49, 0.02) | .06 |
Conformity motives for drinking (college T2)f | ||||
On negative expectancies (T2) | 0.18 (0.07, 0.31) | .01 | 0 | – |
On positive expectancies (T2) | 0.24 (0.11, 0.38) | <.001 | 0.25 (0.11, 0.37) | <.001 |
On number of drinks/month (T1) | 0 | – | –0.11 (–0.20, –0.01) | .03 |
On conformity motives (T1) | 0.45 (0.33, 0.55) | <.001 | 0.47 (0.36, 0.59) | <.001 |
On positive expectancies (T1) | –.20 (–0.37, –0.05) | .01 | –0.10 (–0.20, 0.01) | .06 |
On Hispanic or Latino (vs. others) | 0 | – | –0.24 (–0.49, 0.00) | .06 |
Negative expectancies (college T2)g | ||||
On depressive symptoms (T1) | 0 | – | 0.07 (–0.00, 0.14) | .07 |
With positive expectancies (T2) | 0.47 (0.31, 0.64) | <.001 | 0.40 (0.30, 0.51) | <.001 |
On social motives for drinking (T1) | 0 | – | 0.20 (0.10, 0.28) | <.001 |
On enhancement motives (T1) | 0 | – | –0.15 (–0.24, –0.06) | <.001 |
On conformity motives (T1) | 0.11 (0.04, 0.19) | .01 | 0 | – |
On negative expectancies (T1) | 0.38 (0.26, 0.49) | <.001 | 0.53 (0.44, 0.61) | <.001 |
On Hispanic or Latino (vs. others) | –0.63 (–1.32, –0.03) | .05 | –0.21 (–0.43, 0.04) | .08 |
Positive expectancies (college T2)h | ||||
On number of drinks/month (T1) | –0.09 (–0.20, 0.01) | .08 | 0 | – |
On social motives for drinking (T1) | 0.18 (0.05, 0.30) | .01 | 0.18 (0.08, 0.27) | <.001 |
On negative expectancies (T1) | 0 | – | 0.20 (0.10, 0.30) | <.001 |
On positive expectancies (T1) | 0.31 (0.18, 0.43) | <.001 | 0.29 (0.18, 0.37) | <.001 |
Parameter estimates are regression (path) estimates from a multiple (sex) group model. All variables have been standardized to the between groups mean and standard deviation or centered at the between groups mean if dichotomous (race/ethnicity). Confidence intervals are estimated using bias corrected bootstrap resampling and Mplus software (version 7.3, Muthén & Muthén, Los Angeles, CA). P values refer to the test that the parameter is significantly non-zero. The full model has been trimmed of parameters that were not significant (within groups) at the α = .10 level in a backwards stepwise fashion. The following measures were removed in designated models, as follows: depressive symptomsbcfh, number of drinks at T1cdeg, social motives at T1abef, enhancement motives at T1bdfh and T2a, conformity motives at T1adeh and T2a, coping motives at T1abfgh, negative expectancies at T1a–f and T2abce, positive expectancies at T1ag and T2a, racea–c,e–h, ethnicitya–d,h