Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Youth Adolesc. 2015 Jun 3;44(10):1884–1897. doi: 10.1007/s10964-015-0311-3

Table 3.

Mediated model parameter estimates

Model parameter Men
 Women
Est. (CI) P Est. (CI) P
Alcohol consequences (college T2)a
    On depressive symptoms (T2) 0.15 (0.07, 0.24) <.001 0.02 (–0.06, 0.09) .66
    On number of drinks/month (T2) 0.43 (0.31, 0.56) <.001 0.55 (0.46, 0.64) <.001
    On coping motives (T2) 0 – 0.23 (0.14, 0.33) <.001
    On social motives (T2) 0.14 (0.03, 0.25) .01 0 –
    On enhancement motives (T1) 0 – 0.19 (0.10, 0.28) <.001
Number of drinks/month (college T2)b
    On coping motives (T2) 0 – 0.10 (0.02, 0.19) .02
    On social motives (T2) 0.13 (0.00, 0.27) .07 0.11 (–0.02, 0.22) .07
    On enhancement motives (T2) 0.31 (0.18, 0.45) <.001 0.26 (0.14, 0.38) <.001
    On conformity motives (T2) 0 – –0.09 (–0.17, 0.00) .04
    On positive expectancies (T2) 0.14 (0.02, 0.26) .02 0 –
    On number of drinks/month (T1) 0.30 (0.22, 0.39) <.001 0.51 (0.41, 0.59) <.001
    On conformity motives (T1) –0.14 (–0.23, –0.06) .01 0 –
    On positive expectancies (T1) 0.12 (–0.00, 0.25) .07 0 –
Coping motives for drinking (college T2)c
    On depressive symptoms (T1) 0 – 0.12 (0.00, 0.22) .03
    With social motives (T2) 0.12 (0.06, 0.19) <.001 0.28 (0.20, 0.37) <.001
    With enhancement motives (T2) 0.12 (0.07, 0.19) <.001 0.25 (0.16, 0.34) <.001
    With conformity motives (T2) 0.17 (0.07, 0.29) .01 0.29 (0.19, 0.40) <.001
    On positive expectancies (T2) 0.36 (0.16, 0.43) <.001 0.35 (0.23, 0.48) <.001
    On coping motives (T1) 0.30 (0.16, 0.43) <.001 0.35 (0.23, 0.48) <.001
    On social motives (T1) 0 – –0.17 (–0.29, –0.06) .01
    On enhancement motives (T1) –0.09 (–0.20, –0.01) <.001 0 –
    On conformity motives (T1) 0.13 (0.03, 0.24) .01 0 –
    On positive expectancies (T1) –0.14 (–0.27, –0.01) .04 –0.13 (–0.24, –0.01) .03
Social motives for drinking (college T2)d
    On depressive symptoms (T1) 0 – –0.08 (–0.15, –0.00) .04
    With enhancement motives (T2) 0.30 (0.23, 0.38) <.001 0.39 (0.32, 0.48) <.001
    With conformity motives (T2) 0.09 (0.03, 0.14) .01 0.22 (0.16, 0.30) <.001
    On negative expectancies (T2) 0.10 (0.01, 0.20) .03 0 –
    On positive expectancies (T2) 0.44 (0.33, 0.55) <.001 0.42 (0.31, 0.51) <.001
    On coping motives (T1) –0.12 (–0.23, –0.02) .02 0 –
    On social motives (T1) 0.41 (0.31, 0.50) <.001 0.44 (0.37, 0.53) <.001
    On positive expectancies (T1) –0.15 (–0.27, –0.04) .01 –0.11 (–0.20, –0.01) .03
    On Black or African-American (vs. others) 0 – 0.58 (0.14, 1.04) .01
Enhancement motives (college T2)e
    On depressive symptoms (T1) –0.07 (–0.15, 0.00) .06 –0.08 (–0.16, 0.01) .07
    With conformity motives (T2) 0 – 0.19 (0.13, 0.27) <.001
    On positive expectancies (T2) 0.43 (0.33, 0.52) <.001 0.41 (0.29, 0.50) <.001
    On coping motives (T1) –0.15 (–0.25, –0.05) .01 0 –
    On enhancement motives (T1) 0.52 (0.44, 0.60) <.001 0.48 (0.41, 0.56) <.001
    On positive expectancies (T1) –0.12 (–0.24, 0.01) .09 –0.11 (–0.22, –0.11) .03
    On Hispanic or Latino (vs. others) 0 – –0.24 (–0.49, 0.02) .06
Conformity motives for drinking (college T2)f
    On negative expectancies (T2) 0.18 (0.07, 0.31) .01 0 –
    On positive expectancies (T2) 0.24 (0.11, 0.38) <.001 0.25 (0.11, 0.37) <.001
    On number of drinks/month (T1) 0 – –0.11 (–0.20, –0.01) .03
    On conformity motives (T1) 0.45 (0.33, 0.55) <.001 0.47 (0.36, 0.59) <.001
    On positive expectancies (T1) –.20 (–0.37, –0.05) .01 –0.10 (–0.20, 0.01) .06
    On Hispanic or Latino (vs. others) 0 – –0.24 (–0.49, 0.00) .06
Negative expectancies (college T2)g
    On depressive symptoms (T1) 0 – 0.07 (–0.00, 0.14) .07
    With positive expectancies (T2) 0.47 (0.31, 0.64) <.001 0.40 (0.30, 0.51) <.001
    On social motives for drinking (T1) 0 – 0.20 (0.10, 0.28) <.001
    On enhancement motives (T1) 0 – –0.15 (–0.24, –0.06) <.001
    On conformity motives (T1) 0.11 (0.04, 0.19) .01 0 –
    On negative expectancies (T1) 0.38 (0.26, 0.49) <.001 0.53 (0.44, 0.61) <.001
    On Hispanic or Latino (vs. others) –0.63 (–1.32, –0.03) .05 –0.21 (–0.43, 0.04) .08
Positive expectancies (college T2)h
    On number of drinks/month (T1) –0.09 (–0.20, 0.01) .08 0 –
    On social motives for drinking (T1) 0.18 (0.05, 0.30) .01 0.18 (0.08, 0.27) <.001
    On negative expectancies (T1) 0 – 0.20 (0.10, 0.30) <.001
    On positive expectancies (T1) 0.31 (0.18, 0.43) <.001 0.29 (0.18, 0.37) <.001

Parameter estimates are regression (path) estimates from a multiple (sex) group model. All variables have been standardized to the between groups mean and standard deviation or centered at the between groups mean if dichotomous (race/ethnicity). Confidence intervals are estimated using bias corrected bootstrap resampling and Mplus software (version 7.3, Muthén & Muthén, Los Angeles, CA). P values refer to the test that the parameter is significantly non-zero. The full model has been trimmed of parameters that were not significant (within groups) at the α = .10 level in a backwards stepwise fashion. The following measures were removed in designated models, as follows: depressive symptomsbcfh, number of drinks at T1cdeg, social motives at T1abef, enhancement motives at T1bdfh and T2a, conformity motives at T1adeh and T2a, coping motives at T1abfgh, negative expectancies at T1a–f and T2abce, positive expectancies at T1ag and T2a, racea–c,e–h, ethnicitya–d,h