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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Sep 10.
Published in final edited form as: Prog Brain Res. 2014;211:141–164. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-63425-2.00006-4

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1

Glutamate-mediated synaptic currents recorded in isolated dopamine neurons in vitro. In an isolated neuron, subsequently shown to be TH-positive, a large autaptic EPSC was recorded under voltage clamp. This was almost completely blocked by CNQX (EPSC was 4% of control; traces shown are averages of 10 stimulations; traces during drug application are shown in gray). The reversible D2 antagonist sulpiride enhanced the EPSC (117%; shown here and in subsequent traces without the initiating action current), whereas the D2 agonist quinpirole markedly attenuated the autaptic EPSC (76%). This suggests that concomitant DA release modulates the glutamate-mediated EPSC.