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. 2015 Sep 10;15:364. doi: 10.1186/s12913-015-1038-2

Table 1.

CCQ values in units defined as Hi or Lo and reference values for innovative organizations

Group (Hi or Lo)		Hi				Lo
CCQ dimension	Reference value	Unit A (n = 15)	Unit Q (n = 10)	Unit U (n = 9)	Unit V (n = 16)	Unit K (n = 16)	Unit L (n = 15)	Unit M (n = 25)
Challenge	2.38	2.70^a	2.24	2.47	2.41	2.11^a	1.84^a	1.81^a
Freedom	2.10	2.13	1.93	2.10	1.93	1.53^a	1.42^a	1.55^a
Idea support	1.83	2.37^a	2.07	2.33	2.49^a	1.38^a	1.29^a	1.45^a
Trust/openness	1.78	2.29^a	2.16^a	2.47^a	2.39^a	1.71	1.22^a	1.39^a
Dynamism/liveliness	2.20	2.39	1.93	2.10	2.20	1.51^a	1.04^a	1.46^a
Playfulness/humour	2.30	2.46	2.02	2.23	2.35	1.98^a	1.31^a	1.50^a
Debates	1.58	2.17^a	1.73	1.90	1.75	1.31^a	0.98^a	1.41
Conflicts	0.78	0.46^a	0.18^a	0.33	0.29^a	0.75	1.20	0.78
Risk taking	1.95	2.04	1.69	1.73	1.83	1.35^a	1.08^a	1.26^a
Idea time	1.48	1.79	1.47	1.60	1.50	0.98^a	1.35^a	0.89^a

^aStatistically significant difference from the reference value stated by Ekvall et al [16] as a threshold for an innovative organization