Table 1.
An Incomplete List of Ingredients/Agents That Medical Practitioners Have Used or Suggested for Treatment of Mitochondrial Dysfunctiona
| Category | Examples |
|---|---|
| Vitamins | Vitamins C, D and E, thiamine, riboflavin |
| Minerals | Magnesium, calcium, phosphate |
| Lipids | Membrane phospholipids, unsaturated fatty acids |
| Metabolites | Creatine, pyruvate |
| Cofactors | CoQ10, α-lipoic acid, NADH, nicotinic acid |
| Transporters | l-Carnitine, membrane phospholipids |
| Antioxidants | CoQ10, α-lipoic acid, NADH, glutathione |
| Enzyme inhibitors | α-Lipoic acid, dichloroacetate |
| Herbs | Curcumin, schisandrin |
Abbreviations: NADH = reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; CoQ10 = coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinone); α-lipoic acid = alpha-lipoic acid.
a
Modified from Kerr.32