TABLE 4—

Indirect Effect of Handgun Legislation on Overall Suicide Rate Through the Proportion of Suicide Deaths Resulting From Firearms: Suicide Rates and State Laws Regulating Handguns, United States, 2013

Independent Variablea	R2	Coefficient (SE; P) or Bootstrap Coefficient (SE; 95% CI)	Ratio, Indirect:Total	κ2
Waiting period	0.42		0.67	0.29
Total		−4.28 (1.21; .001)
Direct path		−1.42 (1.25; .261)
Indirect path		−2.86 (0.93; −5.30, −1.42)
Background check	0.46		0.45	0.26
Total		−5.07 (0.93; < .001)
Direct path		−2.77 (1.21; .026)
Indirect path		−2.30 (0.89; −4.28, –0.73)
Open carry	0.29		0.44	0.25
Total		−4.35 (0.96; < .001)
Direct path		−2.42 (0.97; .016)
Indirect path		−1.93 (0.69; −4.36, –0.47)
Gun lock	0.18		0.59	0.25
Total		−6.07 (1.88; .002)
Direct path		−2.47 (1.77; .169)
Indirect path		–0.3.60 (1.01; −6.06, −1.93)

Note. CI = confidence interval.

Source. Information on laws was compiled from the Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence. Information on suicide deaths was compiled from the Centers for Disease and Control Prevention.

^aThe dependent variable was statewide suicide rate.