TABLE 2—

Age-Adjusted Linear Multilevel Models Containing Interaction Terms Between the Life-Course Socioeconomic Index, Ability to Make Ends Meet, and Welfare Regime for Well-Being by Gender, Among Adults Aged 50–75 Years: Survey of Health, Aging, and Retirement in Europe, 2006–2007

	Women, b (95% CI)				Men, b (95% CI)
Variable	Model 1: Life-Course SEI	Model 2: Life-Course SEI	Model 3: Ability to Make Ends Meet	Model 4: Ability to Make Ends Meet	Model 1: Life-Course SEI	Model 2: Life-Course SEI	Model 3: Ability to Make Ends Meet	Model 4: Ability to Make Ends Meet
CASP-12a
Main effect	7.86*** (7.12, 8.59)	4.68*** (2.91, 6.44)	2.40*** (2.27, 2.52)	1.81*** (1.45, 2.17)	6.80*** (6.04, 7.57)	3.93*** (2.13, 5.73)	2.21*** (2.08, 2.34)	2.11*** (1.72, 2.51)
Welfare regime
Southern	. . .	−9.03*** (–11.70, –6.35)	. . .	−5.25*** (–7.60, –2.90)	. . .	−7.22*** (–9.43, –5.00)	. . .	−2.41* (–4.61, –0.21)
Scandinavian (Ref)	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .
Postcommunist	. . .	−8.40*** (–11.36, –5.44)	. . .	−5.78*** (–8.32, –3.24)	. . .	−7.35*** (–9.85, –4.85)	. . .	−2.64* (–5.04, –0.25)
Bismarckian	. . .	−2.39 (–4.81, 0.02)	. . .	−2.55* (–4.74, –0.35)	. . .	−1.84 (–3.85, 0.16)	. . .	−0.52 (–2.63, 1.59)
Interactions
Southern	. . .	6.19*** (3.93, 8.45)	. . .	0.61** (0.18, 1.05)	. . .	5.14*** (2.83, 7.45)	. . .	0.06 (–0.40, 0.52)
Scandinavian (Ref)	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .
Postcommunist	. . .	5.21*** (2.63, 7.80)	. . .	1.04*** (0.55, 1.53)	. . .	5.45*** (2.67, 8.23)	. . .	0.24 (–0.29, 0.76)
Bismarckian	. . .	1.80 (–0.30, 3.90)	. . .	0.56** (0.15, 0.97)	. . .	1.84 (–0.30, 3.99)	. . .	0.06 (–0.39, 0.51)
Life satisfactionb
Main effect	2.09*** (1.87, 2.31)	0.81** (0.28, 1.33)	0.54*** (0.50, 0.58)	0.33*** (0.22, 0.44)	1.65*** (1.43, 1.87)	1.01*** (0.50, 1.52)	0.47*** (0.43, 0.51)	0.48*** (0.36, 0.59)
Welfare regime
Southern	. . .	−2.36*** (–3.01, –1.71)	. . .	−1.51*** (–2.08, –0.94)	. . .	−1.44*** (–1.99, –0.90)	. . .	−0.43 (–0.96, 0.09)
Scandinavian (Ref)	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .
Postcommunist	. . .	−3.42*** (–4.14, –2.69)	. . .	−2.34*** (–2.95, –1.73)	. . .	−2.50*** (–3.12, –1.88)	. . .	−1.25*** (–1.82, –0.69)
Bismarckian	. . .	−1.11*** (–1.70, –0.52)	. . .	−1.17*** (–1.72, –0.63)	. . .	−0.77** (–1.26, –0.27)	. . .	−0.26 (–0.77, 0.26)
Interactions
Southern	. . .	1.90*** (1.23, 2.57)	. . .	0.22** (0.08, 0.35)	. . .	0.81* (0.15, 1.46)	. . .	−0.03 (–0.16, 0.10)
Scandinavian (Ref)	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .	. . .
Postcommunist	. . .	3.21*** (2.44, 3.98)	. . .	0.44*** (0.29, 0.59)	. . .	2.11*** (1.32, 2.90)	. . .	0.17* (0.01, 0.32)
Bismarckian	. . .	0.71* (0.09, 1.34)	. . .	0.18** (0.05, 0.30)	. . .	0.37 (–0.24, 0.98)	. . .	−0.06 (–0.19, 0.07)

Note. CI = confidence interval; SEI = socioeconomic index. Model 1 contains age, age-squared, and the life-course SEI. Model 2 contains age, age-squared, and the life-course SEI interacted with welfare regime variables. Model 3 contains age, age-squared, and ability to make ends meet. Model 4 contains age, age-squared, and ability to make ends meet interacted with welfare regime variables.

^aCASP-12 = control, autonomy, self-realization, and pleasure measure; a shortened version of CASP-19, a validated needs satisfaction-based measure of positive quality of life in early old age.

^bLife satisfaction = the cognitive evaluation of one’s life, measured by asking participants “On a scale from 0 to 10 where 0 means completely dissatisfied and 10 means completely satisfied, how satisfied are you with your life?”

*P < .05; **P < .01; ***P < .001.