TABLE 2—
Bivariate Analysis for Type of Violence or Abuse in Past 6 Months: HPTN 064 Women’s Sero-Incidence Study, United States, 2009–2010
| Type of Abuse or Violence |
||||
| Characteristic | Emotional, OR (95% CI) | Physical, OR (95% CI) | Sexual, OR (95% CI) | Multiple,a OR (95% CI) |
| Age, y | ||||
| 27–33 vs 18–26 | 0.92 (0.73, 1.17) | 0.76 (0.57, 1.01) | 1.15 (0.72, 1.83) | 0.82 (0.61, 1.17) |
| ≥ 34 vs 18–26 | 0.84 (0.68, 1.04) | 0.77* (0.59, 0.99) | 1.69* (1.15, 2.48) | 0.92 (0.61, 1.11) |
| Race | ||||
| African American vs non-African American | 0.85 (0.65, 1.09) | 1.01 (0.74, 1.37) | 0.90 (0.57, 1.43) | 0.88 (0.64, 1.21) |
| Hispanic ethnicity | 0.91 (0.68, 1.21) | 0.82 (0.58, 1.17) | 0.97 (0.57, 1.63) | 0.98 (0.69, 1.40) |
| Marital status | ||||
| Nonpartnered vs married | 1.23 (0.86, 1.77) | 1.63* (1.01, 2.63) | 2.30 (0.99, 5.32) | 2.0* (1.17, 3.40) |
| Not married, living together vs married | 1.05 (0.70, 1.56) | 1.56 (0.94, 2.61) | 1.29 (0.52, 3.23) | 1.63 (0.92, 2.89) |
| < high school education | 1.05 (0.87, 1.28) | 1.23 (0.99, 1.54) | 0.99 (0.70, 1.40) | 1.20 (0.95, 1.51) |
| Unemployed | 1.12 (0.92, 1.36) | 1.18 (0.94, 1.49) | 1.50* (1.03, 2.17) | 1.24 (0.97, 1.59) |
| Food insecurity | 2.87*** (2.37, 3.48) | 3.01*** (2.39, 3.79) | 2.67*** (1.86, 3.83) | 3.30*** (2.57, 4.23) |
| Stable housing | ||||
| Unstable vs owner/renter | 1.51** (1.16, 1.97) | 1.84*** (1.35, 2.50) | 2.36** (1.53, 3.65) | 2.03*** (1.47, 2.80) |
| Living with partner, friend, or parent vs owner/renter | 1.32** (1.07, 1.63) | 1.51** (1.74, 1.93) | 1.20 (0.81, 1.79) | 1.65** (1.27, 2.15) |
| Poor health status | 2.19 (0.98, 4.89) | 1.40 (0.55, 3.54) | 1.87 (0.55, 6.34) | 1.64 (0.65, 4.16) |
| Depression | 3.30*** (2.71, 4.04) | 3.26*** (2.59, 4.11) | 3.59*** (2.49, 5.16) | 4.14*** (3.23, 5.30) |
| PTSD | 4.08*** (3.33, 4.97) | 3.05*** (2.43, 3.83) | 4.44*** (3.12, 6.31) | 4.18*** (3.29, 5.30) |
| Childhood abuse, lifetime | 3.38*** (2.79, 4.11) | 2.61*** (2.08, 3.27) | 2.59*** (1.82, 6.69) | 3.30*** (2.58, 4.21) |
| At least weekly binge drinking | 1.40** (1.13, 1.73) | 1.71*** (1.34, 2.17) | 2.01** (1.41, 2.85) | 1.84*** (1.43, 2.35) |
| At least weekly drug use | 1.77*** (1.43, 2.19) | 1.79*** (1.40, 2.29) | 2.64*** (1.87, 3.73) | 2.20*** (1.71, 2.82) |
| Unprotected vaginal sex | 0.91 (0.72, 1.16) | 0.80 (0.61, 1.05) | 1.13 (0.72, 1.78) | 0.87 (0.65, 1.17) |
| Unprotected anal sex | 1.24*** (1.02, 1.51) | 1.68*** (1.34, 2.11) | 2.04*** (1.45, 2.88) | 1.86*** (1.46, 2.35) |
| Previous self-reported STI diagnosis | 1.87*** (1.42, 2.47) | 1.83** (1.35, 2.49) | 1.87** (1.19, 2.90) | 1.95*** (1.42, 2.68) |
| Multiple sex partners | 2.08*** (1.71, 2.54) | 2.72*** (2.12, 3.50) | 3.16*** (2.07, 4.81) | 3.47*** (2.62, 4.60) |
| Concurrent partnerships | 2.23*** (1.85, 2.70) | 2.14*** (1.71, 2.66) | 2.51*** (1.78, 3.52) | 2.97*** (2.34, 3.75) |
| Exchanged sex | 2.67*** (2.19, 3.23) | 2.71*** (2.17, 3.39) | 4.09*** (2.85, 5.88) | 3.50*** (2.76, 4.44) |
| Self-identified as CSW | 2.74 (1.87, 4.01) | 2.81*** (1.83, 4.19) | 7.49*** (4.78, 11.70) | 4.14*** (2.79, 6.14) |
| Incarcerated partner | 1.65*** (1.36, 1.99) | 1.55** (1.23, 1.95) | 1.56* (1.09, 2.22) | 1.86*** (1.45, 2.39) |
| Drug-using partner | 2.25*** (1.86, 2.73) | 2.38*** (1.91, 2.97) | 3.71*** (2.61. 5.27) | 2.94*** (2.33, 3.72) |
| Binge drinking partner | 1.95*** (1.61, 2.37) | 1.87*** (1.48, 2.35) | 2.38*** (1.63, 3.48) | 2.17*** (1.69, 2.79) |
| Indirect concurrency | 2.39*** (1.98, 2.89) | 2.59*** (2.08, 3.24) | 2.77*** (1.97, 3.90) | 3.08*** (2.44, 3.89) |
Note. CI = confidence interval; CSW = commercial sex worker; HPTN = HIV Prevention Trials Network; OR = odds ratio; PTSD = posttraumatic stress disorder; STI = sexually transmitted infection. The sample size was n = 2099.
a
Two or more types of violence or abuse reported.
*P < .05; **P < .01; ***P < .001.