Ref (type)	Population	Outcome, Interventions	Results and statistical analysis	Effect size	Favours
Failure to respond to treatment
Systematic review	Adults with chronic non-malignant pain, stable opioid dose, based in secondary and tertiary care 4 RCTs in this analysis	Failure to respond to treatment (response defined as 1 or more bowel movement [BM] within 8 hours of study drug during each day [1 RCT]; moderate or substantial improvement [1 RCT]; 3 or more spontaneous bowel movements [SBMs] per week with increase of at least 1 SBM from baseline [2 RCTs]) 529/1174 (45%) with alvimopan 310/519 (60%) with placebo	RR 0.71 95% CI 0.65 to 0.78 P <0.00001 NNT 5 95% CI 4 to 11	Small effect size	alvimopan
Systematic review	Adults with chronic non-malignant pain, stable opioid dose, based in secondary and tertiary care 3 RCTs in this analysis	Failure to respond to treatment (response defined as 1 or more BM within 8 hours of study drug during each day [1 RCT]; 3 or more SBMs per week with increase of at least 1 SBM from baseline [2 RCTs]) with lower dose alvimopan with placebo Absolute results not reported	RR 0.80 95% CI 0.69 to 0.93	Small effect size	alvimopan
Systematic review	Adults with chronic non-malignant pain, stable opioid dose, based in secondary and tertiary care 4 RCTs in this analysis	Failure to respond to treatment (response defined as 1 or more BM within 8 hours of study drug during each day [1 RCT]; moderate or substantial improvement [1 RCT]; 3 or more SBMs per week with increase of at least 1 SBM from baseline [2RCTs]) with higher dose alvimopan with placebo Absolute results not reported	RR 0.69 95% CI 0.59 to 0.80	Small effect size	alvimopan