Table 2.
Univariate Cox regression model survival analysis using first QOL assessment—all patients
| Variable | N | Events | Cox univariate hazard ratio (95% CI) | Cox univariate Wald P-value | Cox univariate score P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age group | <0.0001 | ||||
| <60 | 300 | 83 (28%) | 0.46 (0.33, 0.65) | <0.0001 | |
| 60–69.999 | 427 | 123 (29%) | 0.45 (0.33, 0.62) | <0.0001 | |
| 70–79.999 | 440 | 179 (41%) | 0.747 (0.55, 1.01) | 0.0604 | |
| ≥801 | 107 | 54 (50%) | – | ||
| Tumor size (cm) | <0.0001 | ||||
| ≤2 cm | 479 | 120 (25%) | 0.54 (0.44, 0.66) | <0.0001 | |
| >2 cm1 | 795 | 319 (40%) | – | ||
| Regional nodal involvement | <0.0001 | ||||
| No nodal metastases | 927 | 257 (28%) | 0.20 (0.13, 0.33) | <0.0001 | |
| In ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar nodes | 123 | 52 (42%) | 0.36 (0.21, 0.62) | 0.0002 | |
| In ipsilateral mediastinal and/or subcarinal nodes | 196 | 112 (57%) | 0.59 (0.36, 0.97) | 0.0381 | |
| Metastasis in contralateral mediastinal nodes1 | 28 | 18 (64%) | – | ||
| Distant metastasis | <0.0001 | ||||
| Absence | 1193 | 375 (31%) | 0.21 (0.16, 0.27) | <0.0001 | |
| Presence1 | 81 | 64 (79%) | – | ||
| QOL | <0.0001 | ||||
| Non deficit (QOL > 50)1 | 1045 | 315 (30%) | – | ||
| Deficit (QOL ≤ 50) | 229 | 124 (54%) | 2.94 (2.38, 3.63) | <0.0001 | |
| Smoker category | 0.1698 | ||||
| Never | 229 | 69 (30%) | 0.69 (0.48, 0.98) | 0.0378 | |
| Former | 695 | 242 (35%) | 0.87 (0.65, 1.17) | 0.3705 | |
| Recent quitter/abstinent | 205 | 74 (36%) | 0.90 (0.63, 1.28) | 0.5577 | |
| Current/persistent1 | 145 | 54 (37%) | – | ||
| Treatment | <0.0001 | ||||
| Surgery | 1108 | 337 (30%) | 0.13 (0.07, 0.27) | <0.0001 | |
| Rad or Chemo only | 45 | 39 (87%) | 1.21 (0.56, 2.59) | 0.6320 | |
| Rad + Chemo | 76 | 50 (66%) | 0.57 (0.27, 1.21) | 0.1422 | |
| Other1 | 9 | 8 (89%) | – | ||
| Gender | <0.0001 | ||||
| Female1 | 604 | 170 (28%) | – | ||
| Male | 670 | 269 (40%) | 1.48 (1.22, 1.80) | <0.0001 | |
| ECOG performance score | <0.0001 | ||||
| 0, 1 | 1094 | 331 (30%) | 0.27 (0.21, 0.33) | <0.0001 | |
| 2, 3, 41 | 156 | 101 (65%) | – | ||
| Smoking cessation | 0.0001 | ||||
| Quit1 | 1217 | 411 (34%) | – | ||
| Kept smoking | 57 | 28 (49%) | 2.10 (1.43, 3.09) | 0.0002 | |
| Pack-years smoked | <0.0001 | ||||
| 0–20 | 426 | 117 (27%) | 0.60 (0.48, 0.75) | <0.0001 | |
| 20–40 | 280 | 101 (36%) | 0.87 (0.69, 1.11) | 0.2641 | |
| >401 | 563 | 221 (39%) | – | ||
| Any other cancer | 0.6813 | ||||
| Yes1 | 174 | 78 (45%) | – | ||
| No | 983 | 318 (32%) | 1.05 (0.82, 1.36) | 0.6813 | |
| Weight loss of 5% in past 6 months | 0.0958 | ||||
| No1 | 1070 | 374 (35%) | – | ||
| Yes | 163 | 48 (29%) | 0.78 (0.57, 1.05) | 0.0969 | |
| Tumor diameter (cm) | 1274 | 439 (34%) | 1.12 (1.08, 1.15) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
QOL, quality of life; ECOG, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group.
1
Reference group.