Table 3. Non-Cardiac Hypoxemia Diseases.
No | Diagnosis | Risk factor | PO1 foot, PO2 foot | Age of screening (hours of life) | Routine physical examination | Echocardiography | Investigation | Treatment | Outcome |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Neonatal sepsis | Risk factor of sepsis + | 86%, 84% | 16 | Normal | Small PFO/PDA | Streptococcus pneumonia (blood culture) | Antibiotics | Alive |
2 | Neonatal sepsis | Risk factor of sepsis + | 92%, 93% | 21 | Normal | Small muscular VSD | Sterile blood culture | Antibiotics | Alive |
3 | Down syndrome with primary PPHN | Nil | 87%, 88% | 6 | Normal | High Tricuspid regurgitation jet 60mmHg, large PDA 5.7mm | CXR: normal Sterile blood culture | Ventilated Inhaled nitric oxide Inotropic support Antibiotics | Alive |
4 | PPHN with polycythemia | Nil | 87%, 81% | 8 | Normal | Small PFO/PDA | Hematocrite: 0·8 | Partial exchange at 10 hours of life | Alive |
5 | TTN | Nil | 93%, 95% | 22 | Normal | Small PFO/PDA | CXR: normal | Oxygen support | Alive |
6 | TTN | Nil | 82%, 83% | 20 | Normal | Small PFO/PDA | CXR: normal | Oxygen support | Alive |
7 | TTN | Nil | 89%, 86% | 24 | Normal | Small apical VSD, small PDA | CXR: normal | Oxygen support | Alive |
8 | TTN | Nil | 87%, 90% | 25 | Normal | Small PFO/PDA | CXR: normal | Oxygen support | Alive |
9 | Congenital pneumonia | Risk factor of sepsis + | 86%, 86% | 14 | Normal | Mid muscular VSD 1.5mm | CXR: small spontaneous pneumothorax right lung | Oxygen support Antibiotics | Alive |
10 | Congenital pneumonia | Risk factor of sepsis + | 82%, 85% | 7 | Normal | Small apical VSD | CXR: bilateral diffuse patchy opacities | Oxygen support Antibiotics | Alive |
11 | Meconium aspiration syndrome | Light meconium stained liquor delivery | 92%, 93% | 5 | Normal | Small PFO/PDA. | CXR: bilateral diffuse patchy opacities | Oxygen support Antibiotics | Alive |
12 | Meconium aspiration syndrome | meconium stained liquor delivery | 84%, 86% | 5 | Normal | Atrial septal defect (ASD) 4 mm, PDA 3 mm. Tricuspid regurgitation jet 30mmHg | CXR: bilateral diffuse patchy opacities | Ventilated at 12 hours of life Antibiotics | Alive |
13 | Hypoplastic right lung with VACTERL association | Nil | 92%, 94% | 13 | Right forearm deformity | Mesocardia, small PDA | Computerized tomograms of thorax: right lung hypoplasia. Skeletal survey: absent right radius, T6 hemivetebra Ultrasound of kidney: bilateral horseshoe kidneys | Continuous bilevel positive airway pressure (BIPAP) | Alive |
PO1, first pulse oximetry reading; PO2, second pulse oximetry reading; SpO2, oxygen saturation; PFO, patent foramen ovale; PDA, patent ductus arteriosus; CXR, chest x-ray; VSD, ventricular septal defect; PPHN, persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborn; TTN, transient tacypnoea of newborn; VACTERL, vertebral anomalies, anal atresia, cardia defects, tracheoesophageal fistula and or esophageal atresia, renal and radial anomalies, and limb defects