Table 2.
Univariable Risk Factors for Staphylococcus aureus Colonization
| Variablea | Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | P Value |
|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||
| Age, per 1 yr | 1.00 (0.98, 1.02) | .81 |
| Race | ||
| Caucasian | 1.00 | .84 |
| African-American | 1.04 (0.69, 1.57) | .20 |
| Other | 1.60 (0.79, 3.25) | |
| Gender, male | 1.07 (0.50, 2.31) | .86 |
| HIV-related factors | ||
| Duration of HIV, per 1 yr | 1.00 (0.98, 1.03) | .99 |
| AIDS diagnosis | 1.10 (0.70, 1.74) | .67 |
| CD4 count, cells/mm3 | ||
| <350 | 1.00 | .86 |
| ≥350 | 1.05 (0.62, 1.76) | |
| Viral load, undetectable <50 copies/mL | 1.07 (0.72, 1.61) | .73 |
| Current HAART use | 1.03 (0.63, 1.66) | .91 |
| Behaviors | ||
| Illicit drug use | 3.75 (1.37, 10.26) | .01* |
| Alcohol use | 0.98 (0.64, 1.51) | .94 |
| Tobacco use | 1.08 (0.69, 1.69) | .73 |
| Lives alone | 1.00 (0.65, 1.52) | .98 |
| Owns a pet | 1.14 (0.76, 1.72) | .54 |
| Public gym use | 1.50 (0.98, 2.29) | .06** |
| Public shower use | 1.07 (0.71, 1.61) | .76 |
| Plays football | 0.74 (0.27, 2.02) | .56 |
| Plays soccer | 1.13 (0.42, 3.09) | .81 |
| Sexually active, yes | 0.86 (0.57, 1.31) | .48 |
| Number of sexual partners | ||
| 0 | 1.00 | .99 |
| 1 | 1.00 (0.62, 1.61) | .95 |
| ≥2 | 1.02 (0.56, 1.85) | |
| Antibacterial soap use | 0.54 (0.34,0.83) | .01* |
| Shares towels | 1.49 (0.55, 4.08) | .43 |
| Body shaving | 1.21 (0.8, 1.82) | .37 |
| Tattoo | 1.67 (0.8, 3.5) | .17 |
| Medical Conditions | ||
| Cancer | 2.35 (0.74, 7.43) | .15 |
| Diabetes | 1.59 (0.50, 5.03) | .43 |
| Kidney disease | ||
| Liver disease | 1.20 (0.30, 4.89) | .80 |
| Skin disease | 2.00 (0.87, 4.58) | .10 |
| Sexually transmitted infections | ||
| Chlamydia | 1.53 (0.21, 10.98) | .68 |
| Gonorrhea | 1.41 (0.35, 5.73) | .64 |
| Syphilis | 1.04 (0.33, 3.28) | .95 |
| Medication Use | ||
| TMP-SMX | 0.67 (0.25, 1.84) | .44 |
| Injectable medication | 0.80 (0.29, 2.17) | .66 |
| Healthcare Encounters | ||
| ED visit | 1.11 (0.65, 1.91) | .70 |
| Hospitalized | 1.75 (0.91, 3.39) | .10 |
Abbreviations: AIDS, acquired immune deficiency syndrome; CI, confidence interval; ED, emergency department; HAART, highly active antiretroviral therapy; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; TMP-SMX, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.
a Factors were ascertained within the last 6 months before each study visit.
* P < .05.
** P < .10.