Table 5. Logistic Regression Analyses of the Associations of ADHD at Age 9/12 and Seven Psychosocial Outcomes at Age 15.
| Baseline A-TAC in CATSS 9/12 “Proxy” diagnoses | Any peer problem OR (CI) | Any school problem OR (CI) | Any internalizing problem OR (CI) | Any antisocial behavior OR (CI) | Any alcohol misuse OR (CI) | Any drug misuse OR (CI) | CGAS (≤60) OR (CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ADHD (n = 95) | 1.59 (0.90,2.80) | 2.28** (1.30,4.01) | 1.09 (0.59,1.99) | 2.67*** (1.58,4.52) | 1.97* (1.10,3.53) | 1.48 (0.79,2.76) | 3.13*** (1.67,5.87) |
| ADHD adjusted for ASD | 1.33 (0.73,2.44) | 2.39** (1.34,4.26) | 1.02 (0.55,1.90) | 2.91*** (1.68,5.03) | 2.32** (1.28,4.21) | 1.47 (0.78,2.77) | 2.81** (1.48,5.35) |
| ADHD adjusted for LD | 1.63 (0.92,2.89) | 2.32** (1.32,4.07) | 1.09 (0.59,1.99) | 2.64*** (1.56,4.49) | 1.98* (1.11,3.55) | 1.48 (0.79,2.78) | 3.66*** (1.91,7.02) |
| ADHD adjusted for TD | 1.59 (0.90,2.82) | 2.29** (1.30,4.03) | 1.09 (0.59,1.99) | 2.68*** (1.58,4.57) | 1.97* (1.10,3.53) | 1.48 (0.79,2.77) | 3.15*** (1.68,5.91) |
| ADHD adjusted for DCD | 1.63 (0.92,2.90) | 2.26** (1.29,3.97) | 1.10 (0.60,2.01) | 2.64*** (1.56,4.49) | 1.96* (1.10,3.51) | 1.57 (0.83,2.98) | 3.13*** (1.67,5.85) |
| ADHD adjusted for ASD, LD, TD and DCD | 1.41 (0.76,2.62) | 2.39** (1.34,4.27) | 1.03 (0.55,1.92) | 2.87*** (1.64,5.02) | 2.35** (1.29,4.29) | 1.59 (0.82,3.09) | 3.31** (1.68,6.51) |
| ADHD adjusted for ODD | 1.51 (0.86,2.67) | 2.13* (1.20,3.80) | 1.06 (0.57,1.98) | 2.51** (1.47,4.29) | 1.90* (1.06,3.40) | 1.48 (0.79,2.78) | 3.01** (1.59,5.67) |
| ADHD adjusted for CD | 1.59 (0.90,2.81) | 2.26** (1.28,3.99) | 1.08 (0.59,1.98) | 2.65*** (1.57,4.50) | 1.95* (1.09,3.49) | 1.47 (0.79,2.75) | 3.13*** (1.67,5.88) |
| ADHD adjusted for OCD | 1.67 (0.94,2.96) | 2.25** (1.28,3.94) | 1.11 (0.60,2.03) | 2.68*** (1.58,4.54) | 1.95* (1.09,3.48) | 1.46 (0.79,2.73) | 3.22*** (1.71,6.09) |
| ADHD adjusted for ED | 1.61 (0.91,2.84) | 2.30** (1.31,4.04) | 1.08 (0.59,1.98) | 2.69*** (1.58,4.57) | 1.96* (1.10,3.51) | 1.46 (0.78,2.74) | 3.34*** (1.75,6.35) |
| ADHD adjusted for ASD, LD, TD, DCD, ODD, CD, OCD, and ED | 1.48 (0.78,2.82) | 2.26** (1.26,4.04) | 1.03 (0.54,1.95) | 2.87*** (1.61,5.12) | 2.22* (1.20,4.10) | 1.55 (0.79,3.01) | 3.64** (1.76,7.55) |
| ADHD adjusted for ASD, LD, TD, DCD, ODD, CD, OCD, ED, and Parental educationA | 1.75 (0.85,3.63) | 1.50 (0.75,3.01) | 1.16 (0.55,2.42) | 2.16* (1.14,4.09) | 1.76 (0.85,3.64) | 1.44 (0.64,3.25) | 3.25* (1.33,7.94) |
N = 293 (missing = 7), ADHD-cases compared to all other cases and controls (screen negative cotwins are not included).
Exponentiated coefficients; 95% confidence intervals in brackets
* p<0.05
** p<0.01
*** p<0.001
A Parental education = Educational level of parents (mother and father)