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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Virology. 2015 Jul 1;484:288–304. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.06.006

Figure 4. “Bus Stop/Trojan Horse” model for CVB entry across the tight junctions of the blood-CSF barrier.

Figure 4

We propose that CVB initially binds to CAR, a tight junction protein, although not entering epithelial cells of the choroid plexus. Upon binding, CCL12 and other chemokines are released by epithelial cells thereby attracting nestin+ myeloid cells which undergo extravasation through tight junctions of choroid plexus epithelial cells. CVB virions enter nestin+ myeloid cells which support infection, and assist with virus entry into the CNS.