Table 1.
Molecules, exosomes and their cellular functions that are involved in brain remodeling
| Molecules/vesicles | Target genes/cells | functions | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|
| miRNAs | |||
| miR-9 | SRF | oligodendrogenesis | 51 |
| Mir-15a | FGF2, VEGF | angiogenesis | 17 |
| miR-17-92 | PTEN | neurogenesis, axonal growth | 30,56 |
| miR-29c | ITGB1 | axonal growth | 55 |
| miR-124 | JAG1 | neurogenesis | 25 |
| miR-133 | CTGF, RhoA | neurite outgrowth | 14 |
| miR-139 | Rock1, Rock2 | angiogenesis | 19 |
| MiR-200 | SRF | oligodendrogenesis | 51 |
| miR-219 | PDGFRα, SOX6 | oligodendrogenesis | 50 |
| miR-335 | Rock1, Rock2 | angiogenesis | 19 |
| miR-338 | PDGFRα, SOX6 | oligodendrogenesis | 49 |
| HDACs | |||
| HDAC1 | oligodendrocytes | oligodendrogenesis | 15,61,62 |
| HDAC2 | oligodendrocytes | oligodendrogenesis | 15,61,62 |
| HDAC4 | neurons | axonal remodeling | 66 |
| HDAC5 | endothelial cells | angiogenesis | 68 |
| Exosomes | |||
| MSC-exosomes | neurons | axonal growth | 73 |