. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Sep 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2015 May 2;28(9):1114–1121. doi: 10.1016/j.echo.2015.04.001

Table 5.

Results of multivariable Cox proportional hazards models with time to first cardiovascular disease event^* as outcome.

Variable	Hazard ratio	Lower 95% confidence interval	Upper 95% confidence interval	p-value
Age (years)	1.05	1.04	1.06	< 0.001
Sex (men)	1.40	1.14	1.72	0.001
Race-Ethnicity
White(referent)
Chinese	0.52	0.36	0.76	0.001
African-American	0.83	0.66	1.05	0.117
Hispanic	1.01	0.80	1.28	0.951
Diabetes (yes)	1.59	1.27	2.00	< 0.001
Smoker (yes)	2.33	1.83	2.96	< 0.001
Blood pressure lowering therapy (yes)	1.27	1.04	1.55	0.017
Systolic blood pressure^†	1.36	1.25	1.49	< 0.001
HDL cholesterol^†	0.85	0.76	0.96	0.007
Total cholesterol^†	1.11	1.01	1.21	0.03
Far wall intima-media thickness^†	1.13	1.05	1.22	0.002

Cardiovascular disease defined as myocardial infarction (MI), death due to coronary heart disease, resuscitated cardiac arrest, confirmed stroke, and death due to stroke.

^†

standardized values: units of 21.5 mmHg for systolic pressure, 35.6 mg/dL for total cholesterol, 14.8 mg/dL for HDL cholesterol, and 0.21 mm for far wall intima media thickness.