. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Oct 1.

Published in final edited form as: Brain Behav Immun. 2015 Jun 1;49:130–139. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2015.05.008

Table 2.

GEE analyses of effects of baseline immune activation biomarkers on depression score (summed 16 items) controlling for age, sex, BMI and region^a. Standardized β's are shown (95% CIs for biomarker β's).

Cytokine or CRP concentration	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4
log(TNF-α)	0.09^** (0.03-0.16)	-----	-----	-----
log(IL-1β)	-----	−0.01 (−0.08-0.06)	-----	-----
log(IL-6)	-----	-----	0.09^* (0.02-0.16)	-----
log(CRP)	-----	-----	-----	0.07^* (0.01-0.14)
Controls
Age (years)	0.74^*	0.79^*	0.94^**	1.10^***
Age²	−0.63^{^}	−0.66^{^}	−0.81^*	−0.93^**
Sex=female	0.59^***	0.56^***	0.57^***	0.49^***
BMI (kg/m²)	−0.09^*	−0.10^**	−0.09^*	−0.06^{^}
N observations, individuals	634, 614	636, 613	649, 626	496, 477

^***

p≤0.001

^**

p≤0.01

p≤0.05

^{^}

p≤0.1

Parameter estimates for a categorical region fixed effect (1=interior forest, 2=downriver, 3=upriver, 4=near town) are not shown. Significant differences in depression score are observed across regions, and region is controlled in each model