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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2015 Jul 1;40(13):E752–E759. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000000915

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Comparisons of lumbar spinal stiffness from thrust onset to thrust peak during an HVLA-SM delivered at L4 (A1) or L6 (B1) between 3 joint conditions (laminectomy-only, laminectomy & 2 facet screws, laminectomy & 3 facet screws). Comparisons of the mean change in MIF (ΔMIF) during 5 manipulative thrust durations applied at L4 (A2) and L6 (B2) in 3 spinal joint conditions. 0ms thrust duration represents a time control. Data reported as means and SD. Lam., laminectomy, MIF, mean instantaneous frequency.