Table 2.
High School Diet and Risk of Crohn’s disease†
| Quartile 1 | Quartile 2 | Quartile 3 | Quartile 4 | P(trend) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary patterns | |||||
| Prudent pattern | |||||
| Cases / P-y | 24/192,825 | 19/194,344 | 15/193,326 | 12/182,734 | |
| HR (95% CI) | 1.0 | 0.80 (0.43 – 1.47) | 0.59 (0.30 – 1.14) | 0.47 (0.23 – 0.98) | 0.04 |
| Western pattern | |||||
| Cases / P-y | 23/195,674 | 16/195,872 | 19/195,870 | 12/175,813 | |
| HR (95% CI) | 1.0 | 0.68 (0.36 – 1.30) | 0.78 (0.42 – 1.45) | 0.51 (0.25 – 1.05) | 0.10 |
| Macronutrients | |||||
| Total Fiber | 1.0 | 0.83 (0.45 – 1.53) | 0.54 (0.27 – 1.09) | 0.55 (0.27 – 1.12) | 0.06 |
| Total Carbohydrate | 1.0 | 0.85 (0.46 – 1.58) | 0.54 (0.27 – 1.11) | 0.77 (0.40 – 1.48) | 0.11 |
| Total fat | 1.0 | 1.09 (0.55 – 2.16) | 0.95 (0.46 – 1.94) | 1.37 (0.69 – 2.70) | 0.43 |
| Animal Fat | 1.0 | 0.83 (0.38 – 1.78) | 1.45 (0.71 – 2.96) | 1.70 (0.82 – 3.54) | 0.07 |
| Total protein | 1.0 | 0.97 (0.47 – 2.00) | 1.58 (0.83 – 3.01) | 0.95 (0.46 – 1.97) | 0.78 |
| Animal protein | 1.0 | 2.07 (0.98 – 4.40) | 1.84 (0.86 – 3.95) | 1.69 (0.77 – 3.70) | 0.32 |
| Micronutrients and food groups | |||||
| Vegetables | 1.0 | 0.59 (0.30 – 1.14) | 0.83 (0.45 – 1.52) | 0.50 (0.25 – 1.03) | 0.11 |
| Fruits | 1.0 | 0.78 (0.41 – 1.47) | 0.81 (0.42 – 1.55) | 0.65 (0.32 – 1.32) | 0.28 |
| Total iron | 1.0 | 1.16 (0.62 – 2.16) | 0.63 (0.31 – 1.31) | 0.70 (0.33 – 1.47) | 0.19 |
| Heme iron | 1.0 | 1.10 (0.53 – 2.28) | 1.03 (0.49 – 2.19) | 1.62 (0.81 – 3.23) | 0.14 |
| PUFA | 1.0 | 1.02 (0.52 – 1.99) | 0.98 (0.49 – 1.93) | 0.98 (0.50 – 1.92) | 0.92 |
| < 10g/day | 10–20g/day | 20–30g/day | > 30g/day | ||
| Fish | 1.0 | 0.94 (0.51 – 1.74) | 0.73 (0.37 – 1.45) | 0.43 (0.21 – 0.90) | 0.01 |
PUFA – polyunsaturated fatty acids
†
Multivariable-adjusted for smoking, oral contraceptive use, menopausal status and post-menopausal hormone use, body mass index, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use, physical activity, and adult dietary fiber and vitamin D intake.