Table 3.
High School Diet and Risk of Ulcerative colitis†
| Quartile 1 | Quartile 2 | Quartile 3 | Quartile 4 | P(trend) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary patterns | |||||
| Prudent pattern | |||||
| Cases / P-y | 24/192,825 | 33/194,344 | 32/193,326 | 14/182,734 | |
| HR (95% CI) | 1.0 | 1.41 (0.83 – 2.40) | 1.36 (0.79 – 2.34) | 0.60 (0.30 – 1.19) | 0.08 |
| Western pattern | |||||
| Cases / P-y | 28/195,674 | 26/195,872 | 28/195,870 | 21/175,813 | |
| HR (95% CI) | 1.0 | 0.91 (0.53 – 1.55) | 0.99 (0.58 – 1.69) | 0.83 (0.46 – 1.47) | 0.60 |
| Macronutrients | |||||
| Fiber | 1.0 | 0.88 (0.50 – 1.58) | 1.23 (0.71 – 2.12) | 1.06 (0.59 – 1.89) | 0.65 |
| Carbohydrate | 1.0 | 1.11 (0.63 – 1.95) | 0.90 (0.49 – 1.64) | 1.38 (0.80 – 2.38) | 0.30 |
| Total fat | 1.0 | 1.19 (0.68 – 2.07) | 1.16 (0.65 – 2.05) | 1.15 (0.64 – 2.05) | 0.67 |
| Animal fat | 1.0 | 0.65 (0.36 – 1.18) | 0.93 (0.53 – 1.62) | 0.88 (0.49 – 1.59) | 0.90 |
| Total protein | 1.0 | 0.80 (0.48 – 1.35) | 0.53 (0.30 – 0.94) | 0.74 (0.43 – 1.25) | 0.13 |
| Animal protein | 1.0 | 1.12 (0.68 – 1.84) | 0.62 (0.34 – 1.11) | 0.76 (0.44 – 1.33) | 0.14 |
| Micronutrients and food groups | |||||
| Vegetables | 1.0 | 1.18 (0.70 – 2.00) | 1.09 (0.64 – 1.87) | 0.74 (0.40 – 1.37) | 0.33 |
| Fruits | 1.0 | 0.93 (0.52 – 1.67) | 1.16 (0.66 – 2.04) | 1.47 (0.84 – 2.57) | 0.10 |
| Total iron | 1.0 | 1.19 (0.70 – 2.05) | 0.95 (0.53 – 1.69) | 0.92 (0.50 – 1.70) | 0.62 |
| Heme iron | 1.0 | 1.05 (0.62 – 1.78) | 0.83 (0.46 – 1.48) | 0.82 (0.46 – 1.46) | 0.39 |
| PUFA | 1.0 | 0.58 (0.32 – 1.04) | 0.77 (0.45 – 1.32) | 0.91 (0.54 – 1.52) | 0.96 |
| < 10g/day | 10–20g/day | 20–30g/day | > 30g/day | ||
| Fish | 1.0 | 1.12 (0.63 – 1.98) | 1.17 (0.65 – 2.10) | 0.99 (0.55 – 1.77) | 0.81 |
PUFA – polyunsaturated fatty acids
†
Adjusted for smoking, oral contraceptive use, menopausal status and post-menopausal hormone use, body mass index, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use, physical activity, and adult dietary fiber and vitamin D intake.