Table 5.

Proportion of trials with Granger causality across layers

Target/Trigger	Supragranular	Granular	Infragranular
Supragranular	————————	0.980	0.78
Granular	0.669	———————–	0.996
Infragranular	0.908	0.477	————————

Overall, neuronal activity recorded from all layers presented significant values of Granger causality, indicating that neurons from all layers causally affected the activity of neurons present in other layers. Neurons recorded from layers V/VI presented a significantly larger proportion of trials where they causally affected neural activity of neurons recorded from layer IV, compared with the proportion of trials where neurons from layer IV causally affected neuronal activity in layers V/VI. Bonferroni corrected P values were used to determine the significance of Granger causality for each trial (see text for details).