Table 1.

Clinical features used for the diagnosis of the four most expected lower limb injuries

Injury	Clinical features
Medial tibial stress syndrome	Diffuse pain or oedema along the posteromedial border of the tibia;
	Pain spread over a minimum of 5 cm;
	Pain occurs with activity and lasts for at least a few hours post activity;
	Diffuse discomfort produced with palpation along the posteromedial border of the tibia, with discomfort confined to this region; and
	No history of paraesthesia.
Patellofemoral pain	Insidious onset of peripatellar or retropatellar knee pain;
	Pain on patellofemoral joint compression or resisted isometric quadriceps contraction at 30 degrees of knee flexion; and
	Peripatellar or retropatellar knee pain being provoked by at least two of the following activities: running, hopping, walking, marching, squatting, stair negotiation, prolonged sitting, or kneeling.
Achilles tendinopathy (midportion)	Insidious onset of pain located within 2 to 7 cm proximal to the insertion on the calcaneus; and
	Pain is reproducible with palpation of the Achilles tendon within 2 to 7 cm proximal to the insertion on the calcaneus; and
	Pain most noticeable after an extended period of rest and aggravated with activity.
Plantar fasciitis/plantar heel pain	Presence of pain in the plantar heel or medial arch;
	Pain is worse after rest but eases with mild activity;
	Pain is generally worse with prolonged standing or activity; and
	Pain is reproducible with palpation of the medial tuberosity of the calcaneus and/or along the plantar fascia.