Table 3.
Association Between Buprenorphine Dispensed and Buprenorphine Provider Type per 10,000 Residents
| Estimated Marginal | ||
|---|---|---|
| Effect of Number of | ||
| Providers of Each | ||
| Type on Grams of | ||
| Buprenorphine per | 95% Confidence | |
| Capita Dispensed | Interval | |
| Urban 100-patient-waivered physicians per capita | ||
| 2007 | 211.2 | (130.28, 292.1)*** |
| 2008 | 360.06 | (288.10, 432.0)*** |
| 2009 | 380.37 | (328.86, 431.9)*** |
| 2010 | 415.55 | (370.54, 460.6)*** |
| 2011 | 400.11 | (363.00, 437.2)*** |
| Rural 100-patient-waivered physicians per capita | ||
| 2007 | 494.12 | (−11.62, 999.9) |
| 2008 | 474.01 | (79.64, 868.4)* |
| 2009 | 472.61 | (273.18, 672.0)*** |
| 2010 | 516.33 | (331.08, 701.6)*** |
| 2011 | 501.33 | (337.75, 664.9)*** |
| Urban 30-patient-waivered physicians per capita | ||
| 2004 | 7.17 | (-55.36, 69.7) |
| 2005 | 26.89 | (−12.91, 66.7) |
| 2006 | 38.28 | (9.90, 66.7)** |
| 2007 | 4.33 | (−27.94, 36.6) |
| 2008 | −17.78 | (−44.94, 9.4) |
| 2009 | −25.37 | (−49.13, −1.6)* |
| 2010 | −45.06 | (−68.12, −22.0)*** |
| 2011 | −44.83 | (−65.12, −24.5)*** |
| Rural 30-patient-waivered physicians per capita | ||
| 2004 | 153.6 | (−74.34, 381.5) |
| 2005 | 106.14 | (−26.06, 238.4) |
| 2006 | 107.6 | (6.79, 208.4)* |
| 2007 | 77.48 | (−52.36, 207.3) |
| 2008 | 117.21 | (−1.34, 235.8) |
| 2009 | 127.49 | (34.37, 220.6)** |
| 2010 | 118.59 | (24.47, 212.7)* |
| 2011 | 44.13 | (−54.82, 143.1) |
| Urban opioid treatment programs with patients receiving buprenorphine per capita | ||
| 2004 | 9.41 | (−444.26, 463.1) |
| 2005 | −65.08 | (−656.31, 526.1) |
| 2006 | −267.53 | (−753.29, 218.2) |
| 2007 | −84.57 | (−382.60, 213.5) |
| 2008 | −119.62 | (−427.60, 188.4) |
| 2009 | −26.45 | (−323.00, 270.1) |
| 2010 | 160.82 | (−173.53, 495.2) |
| 2011 | 32.62 | (−271.95, 337.2) |
| Urban substance abuse treatment facilities with patients receiving buprenorphine per capita | ||
| 2004 | −28.13 | (−410.25, 354.0) |
| 2005 | −41.19 | (−320.63, 238.3) |
| 2006 | 2.05 | (−218.24, 222.3) |
| 2007 | −25.73 | (−189.37, 137.9) |
| 2008 | 15.7 | (−126.13, 157.5) |
| 2009 | 16.26 | (−113.96, 146.5) |
| 2010 | 13.58 | (−94.80, 122.0) |
| 2011 | −20.78 | (−126.96, 85.4) |
| Year | ||
| 2005 | −0.75 | (−4.94, 3.5) |
| 2006 | −0.9 | (−5.25, 3.5) |
| 2007 | −0.95 | (−5.63, 3.7) |
| 2008 | 0 | (−4.84, 4.8) |
| 2009 | 0.15 | (−4.77, 5.1) |
| 2010 | −0.47 | (−5.41, 4.5) |
| 2011 | 3.65 | (−1.27, 8.6) |
Dependent variable: grams of buprenorphine per capita per state.
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001