Table 2.
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | MZ | SSDZ | OSDZ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Anger (M) | – | .56** | .26** | .62** | .36** | .15** | .78** | .49** | .05 | .06* | −.03 | .69 | .48 | .53 |
| 2. Sadness (M) | – | .42** | .33** | .48** | .24** | .82** | .45** | .00 | .03 | .01 | .73 | .54 | .40 | |
| 3. Fear (M) | – | .10** | .20** | .58** | .74** | .40** | −.07* | .01 | −.04 | .76 | .32 | .31 | ||
| 4. Anger (F) | – | .58** | .21** | .45** | .78** | .09* | .07* | −.01 | .71 | .32 | .40 | |||
| 5. Sadness (F) | – | .35** | .43** | .81** | .04 | .08* | −.03 | .73 | .47 | .40 | ||||
| 6. Fear (F) | – | .43** | .71** | −.04 | .05 | −.03 | .81 | .44 | .31 | |||||
| 7. NE (M) | – | .57** | −.01 | .05 | −.02 | .77 | .53 | .53 | ||||||
| 8. NE (F) | – | −.04 | .09* | −.03 | .81 | .46 | .43 | |||||||
| 9. Anger (O) | – | .21* | .13* | .47 | .31 | .21 | ||||||||
| 10. Sadness (O) | – | .01 | .26 | .34 | .12 | |||||||||
| 11. Fear (O) | – | .50 | .45 | .45 | ||||||||||
|
| ||||||||||||||
| Male
| ||||||||||||||
| M | 4.63† | 3.84 | 3.79 | 4.56† | 3.77 | 3.71 | 4.08 | 4.01 | 0.12† | 0.02 | −0.08+ | |||
| SD | 0.92 | 0.76 | 0.98 | 0.85 | 0.71 | 0.92 | 0.67 | 0.62 | 0.77 | 0.80 | .80 | |||
| Minimum | 1.50 | 1.70 | 1.40 | 1.70 | 1.70 | 1.30 | 1.93 | 1.93 | −1.65 | −1.90 | −1.96 | |||
| Maximum | 7.00 | 5.90 | 6.60 | 6.71 | 5.89 | 6.22 | 6.16 | 5.67 | 2.33 | 2.36 | 2.02 | |||
|
| ||||||||||||||
| Female
| ||||||||||||||
| M | 4.38 | 3.99 | 3.98 | 4.31† | 3.89 | 3.96 | 4.12 | 4.05 | −0.11† | −0.02 | 0.07+ | |||
| SD | 0.97 | 0.80 | 0.99 | 0.89 | 0.71 | 0.90 | 0.74 | 0.65 | 0.72 | 0.77 | 0.77 | |||
| Minimum | 1.00 | 1.40 | 1.38 | 1.40 | 1.40 | 1.80 | 1.38 | 1.74 | −1.83 | −1.65 | −1.89 | |||
| Maximum | 6.90 | 6.27 | 6.70 | 6.80 | 5.97 | 6.59 | 6.22 | 5.94 | 2.33 | 2.36 | 1.88 | |||
Note.
*
p < .05,
**
p < .001.
M = mother-report, F = father-report, O = in-home observation. NE = negative emotionality, a mean composite of anger, sadness and fear scales that does not include any independent assessment. Observational assessments are mean composites of standardized scales and thus have means close to zero. Twin intraclass correlations are reported on the right. MZ = monozygotic, SSDZ = same sex dizygotic, OSDZ = opposite sex dizygotic twin pairs.
†
Males had significantly higher mother report, father report, and observed anger.
+
Females had significantly higher observed fear. All other sex differences in means were nonsignificant.