Table 4.
Multivariate Model Fit and Parameter Estimates
| Best-Fitting Full and Final Models (Observed)
| ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model | −2LL | df | Δ−2LL | Δ df | p | AIC |
| Bivariate Cholesky (Full) | 5444.50 | 2460 | – | – | – | 524.50 |
| Bivariate Cholesky (Final) | 5445.51 | 2464 | 1.17 | 4 | .88 | 517.67 |
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| Model Comparisons (Mother-Report)
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| Model | −2LL | df | Δ−2LL | Δ df | p | AIC |
|
| ||||||
| Trivariate Cholesky (Full) | 8700.50 | 3882 | – | – | – | 936.50 |
| Trivariate Cholesky (Final) | 8709.62 | 3887 | 9.11 | 5 | .10 | 935.62 |
| IPM (Full) | 8700.64 | 3882 | – | 0 | – | 936.64 |
| IPM (Final) | 8709.93 | 3888 | 9.29 | 6 | .16 | 933.93 |
| CPM (Full) | 8722.56 | 3886 | 21.92 | 4 | < .001 | 950.56 |
| CPM (Final) | 8722.56 | 3890 | 0 | 4 | .99 | 942.56 |
|
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| Model Comparisons (Father-Report) | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| Model | −2LL | df | Δ−2LL | Δ df | p | AIC |
|
| ||||||
| Trivariate Cholesky (Full) | 6873.51 | 3258 | – | – | – | 357.51 |
| Trivariate Cholesky (Final) | 6885.82 | 3266 | 12.31 | 8 | .14 | 353.82 |
| IPM (Full) | 6876.27 | 3258 | – | 0 | – | 360.27 |
| IPM (Final) | 6889.34 | 3267 | 13.07 | 9 | .16 | 355.34 |
| CPM (Full) | 6881.93 | 3262 | 5.67 | 4 | .23 | 357.93 |
| CPM (Final) | 6885.13 | 2367 | 8.87 | 9 | .45 | 351.13 |
| Parameter Estimates for Best-fitting Final Models
| ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Observed
| ||||||||
| Model | Scale | A1 | C1 | E1 | A2 | C2 | E2 | |
| Bivariate Cholesky | Anger | .26/.47 (.37–.58) | – | .28/.53 (.45–.62) | ||||
| Sadness | .06/.09 (.05–.15) | – | – | – | .09/.16 (.08–.23) | .45/.75 (.67–.85) | ||
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| Mother-report
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| Model | Scale | Ac | Cc | Ec | Au | Cu | Eu | |
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| Independent Pathway Model | Anger | .15/.17 (.09–.28) | .17/.21 (.10–.33) | .01/.01 (.003–.03) | .28/.34 (.23–.42) | – | .23/.27 (.23–.33) | |
| Sadness | .31/.53 (.38–.68) | .10/.17 (.06–.30) | .17/.29 (.25–.35) | – | – | – | ||
| Fear | .17/.18 (.11–.29) | – | .02/.03 (.01–.05) | .56/.56 (.45–.66) | – | .22/.24 (.20–.29) | ||
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| Father-report
| ||||||||
| Model | Scale | Ac | Cc | Ec | Au | Cu | Eu | λ |
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| ||||||||
| Common Pathway Model | NE | .88 (.81–.94) | – | .12 (.06–.19) | ||||
| Anger | .29/.38 (.30–.46) | – | .18/.25 (.20–.30) | .53 | ||||
| Sadness | – | – | .08/.16 (.10–.22) | .64 | ||||
| Fear | .56/.68 (.59–.78) | – | .16/.19 (.16–.24) | .33 | ||||
Note. −2LL = −2 log likelihood; df = degrees of freedom; Δ= change; p = probability; AIC = Akaike’s Information Criterion; A = additive genetic; C = common environment; D = dominant (non-additive) genetic; E = nonshared environment. −2 log likelihood values and p values are not reported for comparisons between the Cholesky decomposition and the independent pathway model because these models are not nested. A, C and E values aq2re first reported as unstandardized squared parameter estimates, followed by standardized parameter estimates, with confidence intervals for standardized parameters in parentheses. IPM = independent pathways model; CPM = common pathways model; NE = latent negative emotionality; λ = factor loadings of each phenotype on NE. See Figure 1 for clarification of A, C and E common (e.g., A1, Ac) and unique (e.g., A3, Au) latent factors. The most parsimonious final model is indicated in bold.