Table 2a.
Estimated total effects of physical, sexual, and emotional abuse in childhood (age < 11 years) years on body mass index (kg/m2) in early adulthood (age 22–29 years)
| Abuse exposure: | na (mean BMI in kg/m2) | Model
|
|||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1: Crude
|
Model 2: Model 1 + age and race b
|
Model 3: Model 2 + mother’s BMI at age 18 years c
|
Model 4: Model 3 + social status d
|
Model 5: Model 4 + mother’s history of antidepressant use e
|
Model 6: Model 5 + baseline BMIf
|
||||||||
| BMI | 95% CI | BMI | 95% CI | BMI | 95% CI | BMI | 95% CI | BMI | 95% CI | BMI | 95% CI | ||
| Physical abuse | |||||||||||||
| None | 3139 (24.3) | 0 | REF | 0 | REF | 0 | REF | 0 | REF | 0 | REF | 0 | REF |
| Mild | 763 (24.6) | 0.21 | (−0.22, 0.65) | 0.22 | (−0.22, 0.65) | 0.15 | (−0.28, 0.58) | 0.08 | (−0.35, 0.52) | 0.06 | (−0.37, 0.49) | 0.18 | (−0.27, 0.62) |
| Severe | 409 (25.7) | 1.30 | (0.68, 1.93) | 1.28 | (0.66, 1.90) | 1.20 | (0.58, 1.82) | 1.14 | (0.52, 1.75) | 1.16 | (0.53, 1.79) | 0.74 | (0.15, 1.33) |
| Sexual abuse | |||||||||||||
| None | 3961 (24.4) | 0 | REF | 0 | REF | 0 | REF | 0 | REF | 0 | REF | 0 | REF |
| Touch only | 237 (24.7) | 0.35 | (−0.41, 1.11) | 0.30 | (−0.45, 1.05) | 0.25 | (−0.49, 0.99) | 0.24 | (−0.50, 0.99) | 0.12 | (−0.59, 0.83) | −0.10 | (−0.78, 0.58) |
| Forced sex | 120 (25.6) | 1.22 | (−0.01, 2.45) | 1.23 | (0.01, 2.45) | 0.85 | (−0.32, 2.02) | 0.78 | (−0.35, 1.92) | 0.73 | (−0.42, 1.88) | 0.69 | (−0.46, 1.83) |
| Emotional abused | |||||||||||||
| Least abusive | 2741 (24.1) | 0 | REF | 0 | REF | 0 | REF | 0 | REF | 0 | REF | 0 | REF |
| More abusive | 1172 (24.9) | 0.72 | (0.34, 1.10) | 0.70 | (0.32, 1.08) | 0.57 | (0.19, 0.95) | 0.48 | (0.10, 0.86) | 0.46 | (0.07, 0.84) | 0.39 | (0.01, 0.78) |
| Most abusive | 415 (25.8) | 1.70 | (1.06, 2.35) | 1.71 | (1.06, 2.36) | 1.45 | (0.80, 2.09) | 1.40 | (0.75, 2.05) | 1.37 | (0.72, 2.02) | 0.85 | (0.24, 1.45) |
Analysis sample size=4377; small differences in total sample size across abuse types are due to exclusion of individuals missing information on that type of abuse.
Models adjusted for age in years (continuous), race (white vs nonwhite)
Self-reported by mothers, who are NHSII participants (continuous)
Perceived social status (average of participant and her mother’s perceived social status; continuous with a squared term)
Self-reported by mothers, who are NHSII participants (yes/no)
Body mass index percentile based on Centers for Disease Control growth chart [36] (continuous with a squared term)