Table 3.
Parameter Estimates (standardized) of OLS Regressions Predicting Children’s Academic Achievement at 60 months, ECLS-B Data (N=6,050)
| Reading achievement | Mathematics achievement | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|||||||
| Variables | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |
| Intercept | −0.07** | 0.37*** | 0.33*** | −0.05* | 0.38*** | 0.31*** | |
| Oral vocabulary | 24 months | 0.22*** | 0.12*** | 0.08*** | 0.27*** | 0.17*** | 0.10*** |
| Race | Black | −0.02 | 0.01 | −0.20*** | −0.17** | ||
| Hispanic | −0.04 | −0.02 | −0.14* | −0.11 | |||
| Asian | 0.46*** | 0.46*** | 0.30*** | 0.31*** | |||
| Native American | −0.19* | −0.16 | −0.36*** | −0.30** | |||
| Other race | −0.08 | −0.06 | −0.14 | −0.12 | |||
| Child age | 24 months | 0.14*** | 0.13*** | 0.12*** | 0.11*** | ||
| Gender | Male | −0.10** | −0.08* | 0.01 | 0.03 | ||
| SES quintile | Lowest | −0.78*** | −0.77*** | −0.77*** | −0.75*** | ||
| Second lowest | −0.59*** | −0.57*** | −0.59*** | −0.57*** | |||
| Middle | −0.39*** | −0.38*** | −0.40*** | −0.38*** | |||
| Second highest | −0.24*** | −0.23*** | −0.23*** | −0.22*** | |||
| Non-singleton | −0.08* | −0.08* | −0.10* | −0.09* | |||
| Mother’s age at child’s birth | Older than 35 | −0.01 | −0.02 | 0.03 | 0.02 | ||
| Younger or equal to 18 | −0.10 | −0.11 | −0.11* | −0.12* | |||
| Marital status | Not married | −0.07 | −0.07 | −0.04 | −0.04 | ||
| Primary language | Non-English | −0.03 | −0.01 | −0.002 | 0.03 | ||
| Birth weight | Very low | −0.10* | −0.05 | −0.28*** | −0.21*** | ||
| Moderately low | −0.03 | −0.01 | −0.07 | −0.04 | |||
| Labor complications | −0.06 | −0.05 | −0.002 | −0.003 | |||
| Obstetric procedures | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.02 | |||
| Risks | Medical | −0.07* | −0.07* | −0.004 | −0.01 | ||
| Behavioral | −0.06 | −0.05 | −0.06 | −0.04 | |||
| Parenting score | 24 months | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.05* | 0.02 | ||
| Family member status | Mental illness | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.01 | ||
| Learning disability | −0.07 | −0.07 | −0.10* | −0.09* | |||
| Maternal status | Health problems | −0.03 | −0.02 | −0.08 | −0.07 | ||
| Household status | Special need | 0.02 | 0.02 | −0.02 | −0.01 | ||
| Mother depressed | −0.02 | −0.03 | −0.04 | −0.05 | |||
| Stayed in day care center | > 10 hours/week | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.04 | ||
| Child television usage | Middle third | 0.10* | 0.09* | 0.11** | 0.10** | ||
| Highest third | 0.10* | 0.11** | 0.11** | 0.12** | |||
| Mother isolated | −0.02 | −0.02 | −0.05*** | −0.05** | |||
| Approaches to learning | 24 months | 0.18** | 0.12* | 0.14** | 0.06 | ||
| Internalizing problems | 24 months | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.02 | 0.05 | ||
| Externalizing problems | 24 months | −0.05 | −0.01 | −0.06 | −0.02 | ||
| General cognitive functioning | 24 months | 0.12*** | 0.16*** | ||||
Note. Sample size rounded to nearest 50 per ECLS-B confidentiality requirements. SES = socioeconomic status.
*
p < .05,
**
p < .01,
***
p < .001.