Table 1.
Comparisons of the microbiology of bloodstream infections and Clostridium difficile infection rates between Period 1 (January 2003 – May 2006) and Period 2 (June 2006 – April 2010) in patients with multiple myeloma and lymphoma who underwent autologous stem cell transplantation.
| Infection types | Myeloma Period 1 (n = 119) |
Myeloma Period 21 (n = 156) |
P2 | Lymphoma Period 1 (n = 88) |
Lymphoma Period 2 (n = 102) |
P2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any bloodstream infection | 49 (41) | 23 (15) | <0.001 | 38 (43) | 49 (47) | 0.50 |
| Gram-positive bacteremia | 37 (31) | 15 (10) | <0.001 | 24 (27) | 26 (26) | 0.78 |
| Staphylococcus aureus | 6 (5) | 4 (3) | 1 (1) | 5 (5) | ||
| Methicillin-susceptible | 2 (2) | 0 | 1 (1) | 4 (4) | ||
| Methicillin-resistant (MRSA) | 4 (3) | 4 (3) | 0 | 1 (1) | ||
| Coagulase-negative staphylococci | 11 (9) | 0 | <0.001 | 7 (8) | 4 (4) | |
| Viridans group streptococci (VGS) | 12 (10) | 4 (3) | 0.008 | 5 (6) | 10 (10) | |
| Penicillin-non-susceptible VGS | 3 (3) | 3 (2) | 3 (3) | 2 (2) | ||
| Enterococci | 6 (5) | 6 (5) | 10 (11) | 9 (9) | ||
| Vancomycin-susceptible | 2 (2) | 1 (1) | 3 (3) | 2 (2) | ||
| Vancomycin-resistant (VRE) | 4 (3) | 5 (3) | 7 (8) | 7 (7) | ||
| Gram-negative bacteremia | 13 (11) | 11 (7) | 0.26 | 28 (32) | 34 (33) | 0.82 |
| Enterobacteriaceae | 11 (9) | 11 (7) | 26 (30) | 30 (29) | ||
| Escherichia coli | 7 (6) | 8 (5) | 9 (10) | 14 (14) | ||
| Enterobacter cloacae | 2 (2) | 2 (1) | 2 (2) | 1 (1) | ||
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | 2 (2) | 0 | 13 (15) | 16 (16) | ||
| Levofloxacin-resistant | 1 (1) | 8 (5) | 0.08 | 7 (8) | 2 (2) | 0.08 |
| Ceftriaxone-resistant | 0 | 1 (1) | 5 (6) | 1 (1) | 0.10 | |
| Carbapenem-resistant | 0 | 1 (1) | 0 | 0 | ||
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Candidemia | 2 (2) | 0 | 0 | 1 (1) | ||
| Clostridium difficile infection | 3 (3) | 9 (7)3 | 0.12 | 4 (5) | 6 (6)3 | 0.75 |
Variables are presented as No. (%) of total.
1
Levofloxacin prophylaxis was administered to these patients from one day before stem cell infusion until neutrophil engraftment.
2
Blank values indicate a P value of > 0.1.
3
In Period 2, the incidence of C. difficile infection was only evaluated in patients who underwent transplantation from June 2006 – Dec 2009 because testing for C. difficile changed in 2010 from an ELISA-based to a PCR-based method.