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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2015 Jul 3;21(10):1808–1814. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2015.06.017

Table 3.

Outcomes of patients with multiple myeloma who received and did not receive prophylactic levofloxacin during neutropenia after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Outcomes No levofloxacin
prophylaxis
(n = 127)		 Levofloxacin
prophylaxis
(n = 148)		 P
Fever and neutropenia 114 (90) 90 (61) <0.001
Bloodstream infections (BSI)
  BSI before neutrophil engraftment 48 (38) 19 (13) <0.001
  BSI within 30 days of transplant 52 (41) 20 (14) <0.001
    Gram-positive bacteremia 38 (30) 14 (9) <0.001
    Gram-negative bacteremia 16 (13) 8 (5) 0.04
    Fungemia 2 (2) 0 0.21
    BSI associated with severe
    sepsis [16]		 9 (7)1 8 (5)2 0.56
    BSI associated with ICU
    admission		 8 (6) 5 (3) 0.27
Microbiologically documented infection
other than bacteremia within 30 days of
transplant		 11 (9) 16 (11) 0.55
Invasive fungal infection within 30 days 2 (2) 2 (1) 1.00
Clostridium difficile infection within 90
days of transplant3 		4 (3)4 9 (7)5 0.17
Duration of hospitalization, days 20 (18–27) 18 (17–21) 0.001
Readmission within 90 days of
transplant		 32 (25) 24 (16) 0.07
Mortality
  Within 30 days of transplant 4 (3) 4 (3) 1.00
  Within 90 days of transplant 8 (7) 4 (3) 0.13
    Sepsis-related mortality6 5 (4) 3 (2) 0.48

All categorical variables are expressed as No. (%) of total. All continuous variables are expressed as median (interquartile range). ICU, intensive care unit.

1

BSI etiologies associated with severe sepsis in patients who did not receive levofloxacin prophylaxis: polymicrobial (n = 4), Streptococcus mitis (n = 2), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (n = 1), Escherichia coli (n = 1), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 1).

2

BSI etiologies associated with severe sepsis in patients who received levofloxacin prophylaxis: Escherichia coli (n = 3), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (n = 2), polymicrobial (n = 2), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 1).

3

In Period 2, the incidence of C. difficile infection was only evaluated in patients who underwent transplantation from June 2006 – Dec 2009 because testing for C. difficile changed in 2010 from an ELISA-based to a PCR-based method.

4

Three patients were treated with 10–14 days of oral metronidazole and one was treated with 21 days of oral vancomycin. Three of these patients had C. difficile recurrence after treatment.

5

Six patients were treated with 10–14 days of oral metronidazole and three were treated with 10–21 days of oral vancomycin. One of these patients had C. difficile recurrence after treatment.

6

Causes of death unrelated to sepsis were respiratory failure of unknown etiology, acute respiratory distress syndrome after influenza B infection, intraabdominal hemorrhage, and intracerebral hemorrhage.