Table 2. Overexpression of AKR1C3 in Prostate Cancer Patients and Prostate Cancer Cell Lines.
Patient Samples | Cell Lines | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Affymetrix Microarray |
qRT-PCR | IHC | LNCaP | DuCaP | VCaP | 22Rv1 | PC-3 | DU-145 | |
Stanbrough et al. [46] |
32 CRPC patients 5.3 fold increase vs primary tumors |
10-fold higher in 32 CRPC patients vs primary tumors |
11/19 CRPC recurrent prostate cancer & soft tissue mets vs 1/18 primary tumors |
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Hofland et al [40] |
10-fold hgher in CRPC (n=10; p< 0.001) vs normal prostate |
Up regulated in CS-FBS 9-fold by qRT-PCR |
Up regulated in CS-FBS 5-fold by qRT-PCR |
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Pfeiffer et al., [42] |
CRPC : low grade (n=21:20) 2.3 fold |
Up regulated in CS-FBS 5-fold by qRT-PCR |
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Jernberg et al, [47] |
5-fold higher in bone mets vs hormone naïve patients (n=51; p< 0.01) |
Bone mets. n =51 (rs with RNA 0.73; p< 0.000001) |
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Hamid et al., [39] |
3-fold Higher AKR1C3 (n =41) than in BPH (n= 9 samples p< 0.001) |
41 samples IHC staining (Rs with RNA 0.39; <0.0001) |
−ive IB | + ive IB | +++ ive IB | ++ ive IB AR7V |
+ ive IB | −ive IB | |
Tian et al., [43] | 3-fold higher in 40 needle biopsy GS=6, GS=7, GS=8, GS= 9 vs low grade GS (n=10 group; p <0.05) .Positive correlation with Gleason Score |
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Mitsiades et al., [44] |
6/19 mets upregulated |
Upregulated 3- fold in 30% mCRPC (n =19) vs normal prostate (n=19) and in 5 patients CTCs |
AKR1C3 o/exp upon ADT CS- FBS (16- fold) or MDV3100 (6-fold) by qRT- PCR Repressed by R1881 (16-fold) by qRT- PCR |
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Fankhauser et al. [79] |
20 samples: NS Enrichment of HSD17B genes as a group q value <0.1 |
2-fold higher in hormone refractory cancer vs BPH (n=4 p<0.012) Taylor cohort mCRPC 153% increase vs BPH (n= 41 p <0.001) |
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Powell et al. [42]. |
25 mCRPC tumors by microarray show high correlation between AKR1C3 expression and ERG p < 0.0001 rs = 0.69 |
Up to 100-fold increase in AKR1C3 and 250-fold increase in ERG expression |
CS-FBS = charcoal stripped FBS; BPH= benign prostatic hyperplasia; GS = Gleason Grade; IB = immunoblot (+ to +++ intensity of staining within the same experiment);