Fig. 5.

Inhibition of mTOR or of GSK3β does not play an obvious role in the AMPK-mediated boost of Nrf2-mediated HO-1 induction. WT and AMPK-/- MEF were pretreated with the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin (Rap; 100 nM) (A), the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (chloro; 10 and 50 µM) (B), or the GSK3β inhibitor CHIR99201 (CHIR; 10 µM) (C) for 30 min before they were incubated with XN (5 µM) for 7 h. Total cell lysates were subjected to an immunoblot analysis for HO-1 and actin. Representative blots and compiled densitometric data of three independent experiments are depicted (mean +SD; ^⁎P< 0.05, ANOVA).