Table 1.
Comparison between the Cognitive Training and Active Control Groups on their demographic characteristics, cognitive processing speed, and depression scores at baseline.
| Variables | Cognitive Training (n = 109) |
Active Control (n = 100) |
Test of group differences |
|---|---|---|---|
| M (SD) | M (SD) | P value | |
| Age (years) | 70.1 (6.21) | 70.0 (6.60) | .953 |
| Years of education | 8.71 (3.84) | 9.49 (4.44) | .173 |
| Gender composition | 87 F : 22 M | 77 F : 23 M | .736 |
| TONI-III | 16.6 (5.34) | 17.7 (6.64) | .218 |
| MoCA | 23.6 (1.88) | 23.8 (1.97) | .494 |
| WAIS-III PSI | 71.0 (22.40) | 72.3 (22.74) | .677 |
| GDS | 4.61 (2.67) | 4.31 (2.41) | .403 |
Note: only the demographic characteristics of the Cognitive Training and Active Control Groups were listed here. TONI-III = Test of Nonverbal Intelligence (Third Edition) (total raw score); MoCA = Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Hong Kong version (Total Score); WAIS-III PSI = Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Third Edition Processing Speed Index (cumulative raw scores of the Digit-Symbol Coding subtest and Symbol Search subtest); GDS = Geriatric Depression Scale; level of significance: P < .05.