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. 2015 Sep 14;6:134. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00134

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Algorithm for screening for diabetes in hepatitis C patients. (1) Screen for DM: fasting blood sugar (FBS) and/or oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). HbA 1c might be considered if the measurement methods are well established. (2) High risk Type 1 diabetes patients are defined as individuals with first degree relatives with type 1 diabetes (T1D); patients with other autoimmune conditions; or patients might be considered as high risk, if IFNα therapy is considered. (3) Fasting C-peptide levels. (4) Islet antibodies include autoantibodies to glutamic-acid decarboxylase (GAD65), autoantibodies to insulin (IAA2), autoantibodies to the tyrosine phosphatase IA-2 and IA2B, autoantibodies to zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8), (5) IFNα may induce autoimmunity and therefore measure­ment of islet antibodies should be considered before and after IFNα therapy in high risk patients, and in patients with suspicion of T1D after initiation of IFNα.