Table 3.
Logistic regression investigating the association build environment index (BEI) score with health conditions.
| Health conditions | BEI Score 1 | BEI Score 2 | BEI Score 3+ | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95%CI | OR | 95%CI | OR | 95%CI | |
| Cardiovascular conditions | ||||||
| Hypertension (M1) | 1.11 | (0.99-1.24) | 0.97 | (0.82-1.15) | 0.84 | (0.69-1.02) |
| Hypertension (M2) | 1.12 | (1.00-1.25) | 1.01 | (0.86-1.20) | 0.92 | (0.75-1.12) |
| Heart problems (M1) | 0.97 | (0.87-1.09) | 0.99 | (0.83-1.20) | 1.08 | (0.87-1.35) |
| Heart problems (M2) | 0.97 | (0.86-1.09) | 0.99 | (0.83-1.20) | 1.08 | (0.87-1.34) |
| Varicose veins (M1) | 1.00 | (0.87-1.16) | 0.99 | (0.80-1.24) | 0.90 | (0.69-1.17) |
| Varicose veins (M2) | 1.01 | (0.87-1.17) | 1.02 | (0.82-1.27) | 0.94 | (0.72-1.22) |
| Stroke (M1) | 1.05 | (0.79-1.14) | 0.63 | (0.38-1.06) | 0.94 | (0.57-1.56) |
| Stroke (M2) | 1.05 | (0.79-1.40) | 0.62 | (0.37-1.03) | 0.90 | (0.54-1.50) |
| Metabolic conditions | ||||||
| Diabetes (M1) | 0.92 | (0.77-1.10) | 0.79 | (0.60-1.04) | 0.58 | (0.40-0.83)*** |
| Diabetes (M2) | 0.93 | (0.78-1.10) | 0.82 | (0.62-1.08) | 0.62 | (0.43-0.90)* |
| Pulmonary conditions | ||||||
| Bronchitis (M1) | 1.09 | (0.96-1.23) | 1.31 | (1.10-1.57)*** | 1.53 | (1.25-1.88)*** |
| Bronchitis (M2) | 1.07 | (0.95-1.22) | 1.23 | (1.02-1.47)* | 1.34 | (1.09-1.65)** |
| Pneumonia (M1) | 1.27 | (1.02-1.60)* | 1.28 | (0.93-1.77) | 1.46 | (1.02-2.07)* |
| Pneumonia (M2) | 1.26 | (1.01-1.59)* | 1.23 | (0.89-1.70) | 1.33 | (0.93-1.90) |
| Musculoskeletal conditions | ||||||
| Back problem (M1) | 1.00 | (0.90-1.12) | 0.94 | (0.80-1.12) | 1.15 | (0.95-1.41) |
| Back problem (M2) | 0.90 | (0.89-1.11) | 0.93 | (0.78-1.11) | 1.12 | (0.92-1.37) |
| Osteoporosis (M1) | 0.91 | (0.77-1.10) | 0.73 | (0.57-0.93)* | 0.66 | (0.48-0.90)* |
| Osteoporosis (M2) | 0.90 | (0.77-1.05) | 0.72 | (0.56-0.92)* | 0.64 | (0.47-0.87)** |
| Arthritis (M1) | 1.16 | (1.04-1.30)* | 1.06 | (0.89-1.25) | 1.40 | (1.14-1.70)*** |
| Arthritis (M2) | 1.16 | (1.03-1.30)* | 1.04 | (0.88-1.24) | 1.34 | (1.09-1.64)*** |
| Urinary conditions | ||||||
| Urinary infection (M1) | 1.21 | (1.05-1.39)* | 0.97 | (0.78-1.21) | 1.25 | (0.98-1.56) |
| Urinary infection (M2) | 1.21 | (1.05-1.38)** | 0.98 | (0.78-1.23) | 1.27 | (0.98-1.56) |
| Renal problems (M1) | 1.26 | (1.06-1.49)** | 1.21 | (0.95-1.55) | 2.05 | (1.60-2.62)*** |
| Renal problems (M2) | 1.25 | (1.06-1.48)** | 1.19 | (0.93-1.52) | 2.00 | (1.52-2.51)*** |
| Sensory conditions | ||||||
| Visual impairment (M1) | 1.06 | (0.93-1.21) | 1.08 | (0.89-1.31) | 1.83 | (1.49-2.26)*** |
| Visual impairment (M2) | 1.05 | (0.92-1.20) | 1.06 | (0.87-1.29) | 1.73 | (1.41-2.14)*** |
| Hearing impairment (M1) | 1.07 | (0.92-1.25) | 0.92 | (0.73-1.18) | 1.25 | (0.96-1.61) |
| Hearing impairment (M2) | 1.06 | (0.91-1.24) | 0.92 | (0.72-1.17) | 1.21 | (0.94-1.57) |
| Other health outcomes | ||||||
| Gastrointestinal problems (M1) | 1.16 | (1.01-1.33)* | 1.02 | (0.82-1.27) | 1.24 | (0.97-1.58) |
| Gastrointestinal problems (M2) | 1.16 | (1.01-1.33)* | 1.02 | (0.82-1.26) | 1.23 | (0.96-1.57) |
| Dermatologic problem (M1) | 1.04 | (0.87-1.24) | 0.85 | (0.64-1.13) | 0.78 | (0.56-1.10) |
| Dermatologic problem (M2) | 1.04 | (0.87-1.24) | 0.85 | (0.64-1.13) | 0.78 | (0.55-1.10) |
| Headache (M1) | 1.24 | (1.10-1.40)*** | 1.30 | (1.09-1.55)*** | 2.06 | (1.68-2.53)*** |
| Headache (M2) | 1.23 | (1.09-1.40)*** | 1.29 | (1.08-1.54)** | 2.03 | (1.65-2.49)*** |
| Cancer (M1) | 1.06 | (0.66-1.71) | 1.02 | (0.49-2.13) | 1.87 | (0.93-3.75) |
| Cancer (M2) | 1.08 | (0.66-1.74) | 1.04 | (0.49-2.18) | 1.97 | (0.98-3.97) |
| Depression (M1) | 1.07 | (0.93-1.23) | 1.32 | (1.09-1.60)** | 1.50 | (1.20-1.87)*** |
| Depression (M2) | 1.06 | (0.92-1.22) | 1.26 | (1.04-1.54*) | 1.35 | (1.08-1.69)** |
BEI index score 0 = reference category. OR, Odds ratio; CI, Confidence interval; M1, Model 1 (Adjusted for demographic characteristics); M2, Model 2 (Adjusted for Model 1 + health behaviours such as physical