Table S1.
Details of the 43 microsatellite loci used in this study together with their polymorphism characteristics in 41 mother–offspring pairs
| Locus | Sources | Mix | Ta | Number of alleles | Observed heterozygosity | HWE P value | |
| Mothers | Offspring | ||||||
| Pv9 | (61) | 1 | 53 | 10 | 0.691 | 0.037 | 0.129 |
| Hg6.1 | (61) | 7 | 60 | 13 | 0.888 | 0.691 | 0.991 |
| Hg6.3 | (61) | 1 | 53 | 12 | 0.901 | 0.942 | 0.074 |
| Hg8.10 | (61) | 1 | 53 | 2 | 0.407 | 0.399 | 1.000 |
| PvcA | (62) | 1 | 53 | 7 | 0.802 | 0.998 | 0.412 |
| PvcE | (62) | 2 | 60 | 13 | 0.926 | 0.836 | 0.755 |
| Aa4 | (63) | 4 | 60 | 6 | 0.720 | 0.685 | 0.419 |
| Hg1.3 | (63) | 1 | 53 | 11 | 0.815 | 0.136 | 0.443 |
| Pv11 | (64) | 8 | 60 | 11 | 0.329 | 0.399 | 0.000 |
| OrrFCB2 | (65) | 2 | 60 | 11 | 0.888 | 0.394 | 0.234 |
| OrrFCB7 | (65) | 2 | 60 | 10 | 0.813 | 0.391 | 0.649 |
| M11a | (66) | 4 | 60 | 17 | 0.867 | 0.331 | 0.654 |
| Lc28 | (67) | 4 | 60 | 9 | 0.875 | 0.988 | 0.542 |
| Lw10 | (67) | 2 | 60 | 15 | 0.938 | 0.605 | 0.525 |
| Zcc7t | (68) | 7 | 60 | 13 | 0.896 | 0.568 | 0.492 |
| ZcwCgDh1.8 | (68) | 3 | 60 | 9 | 0.744 | 0.608 | 0.020 |
| ZcwDh3.6 | (68) | 4 | 60 | 4 | 0.234 | 0.590 | 0.392 |
| ZcwCgDh4.7 | (68) | 3 | 60 | 13 | 0.924 | 0.842 | 0.336 |
| ZcwCgDh5.16 | (68) | 2 | 60 | 7 | 0.500 | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| ZcCgDh5.8 | (68) | 6 | 60 | 11 | 0.850 | 0.489 | 0.748 |
| ZcwCgDh7tg | (68) | 3 | 60 | 12 | 0.742 | 0.347 | 0.026 |
| ZcwCgDhB.14 | (68) | 2 | 60 | 6 | 0.747 | 0.287 | 0.587 |
| Zcwb09 | (69) | 6 | 60 | 12 | 0.864 | 0.652 | 0.933 |
| Zcwc03 | (69) | 6 | 60 | 11 | 0.813 | 0.124 | 0.544 |
| Zcwc11 | (69) | 6 | 60 | 14 | 0.875 | 0.100 | 0.678 |
| Zcwd02 | (69) | 3 | 60 | 13 | 0.878 | 0.346 | 0.596 |
| Zcwe03 | (69) | 7 | 60 | 9 | 0.838 | 0.602 | 0.919 |
| Ssl301 | (70) | 3 | 60 | 14 | 0.901 | 0.473 | 0.910 |
| Zcwa05 | (71) | 5 | 60 | 14 | 0.896 | 0.645 | 0.999 |
| Zcwb07 | (71) | 1 | 53 | 11 | 0.914 | 0.465 | 0.093 |
| Zcwc01 | (71) | 2 | 60 | 11 | 0.823 | 0.345 | 0.511 |
| Zcwe04 | (71) | 8 | 60 | 12 | 0.864 | 0.132 | 0.362 |
| Zcwe12 | (71) | 8 | 60 | 8 | 0.768 | 0.595 | 0.881 |
| Zcwf07 | (71) | 4 | 60 | 9 | 0.802 | 0.194 | 0.834 |
| Ag1 | (72) | 3 | 60 | 10 | 0.813 | 0.706 | 0.733 |
| Ag2 | (72) | 2 | 60 | 7 | 0.854 | 0.847 | 0.428 |
| Ag3 | (72) | 2 | 60 | 2 | 0.420 | 0.454 | 0.311 |
| Agaz2 | (73) | 1 | 53 | 8 | 0.802 | 0.215 | 0.394 |
| Agaz3 | (73) | 2 | 60 | 5 | 0.629 | 0.896 | 0.288 |
| Agaz5 | (73) | 2 | 60 | 3 | 0.469 | 0.641 | 0.174 |
| Agaz6 | (73) | 2 | 60 | 4 | 0.765 | 0.750 | 0.156 |
| Agaz10 | (73) | 2 | 60 | 11 | 0.767 | 0.572 | 0.493 |
| Zcwe05 | 3 | 60 | 9 | 0.866 | 0.999 | 0.564 | |
HWE P values are shown separately for mothers and offspring, with significant values highlighted in bold. Values that remained significant following table-wide correction for the FDR are underlined. Loci Pv11 and ZcwCgDh5.16 were excluded from further analyses because they deviated significantly from HWE after FDR correction in either or both mothers or offspring. “Mix” denotes the PCR mastermix into which each locus was multiplexed and “Ta” denotes the annealing temperature used. Locus Zcwe05 is unpublished.