Table 3. Factors associated with awareness and treatment of diabetes among older persons aged 60 and more in NHMS 2011.
| Variables | Awareness (N = 949) | Treatment (N = 618) | Control among treated (N = 473) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude OR (95%CI) | Adj.OR (95%CI) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adj. OR (95% CI) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adj. OR (95% CI) | |
| Sex | ||||||
| Men | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Women | 1.61 (1.23–2.11)** | 1.63 (1.21–2.19)** | 0.75 (0.47–1.21) | 0.65 (0.38–1.12) | 0.93 (0.61–1.42) | 0.73 (0.41–1.31) |
| Age (years) | ||||||
| 60–74 | 1.06 (0.74–1.51) | 1.03 (0.68–1.56) | 1.63 (0.93–2.86) | 1.40 (0.72–2.72) | 1.04 (0.59–1.85) | 0.87 (0.44–1.70) |
| > 75 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Ethnicity | ||||||
| Malays | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Chinese | 1.26 (0.92–1.74) | 1.21(0.86–1.71) | 1.44 (0.80–2.59) | 1.4 (0.71–2.75) | 0.88 (0.54–1.44) | 0.87 (0.48–1.56) |
| Indians | 2.84 (1.66– 4.86)** | 2.67 (1.50–4.76)** | 1.28 (0.62–2.64) | 1.07 (0.49–2.36) | 0.52 (0.26–1.06) | 0.49 (0.22–1.10) |
| Other Bumiputras | 0.94 (0.52–1.71) | 0.82 (0.41–1.65) | 1.09 (0.36–3.26) | 0.81 (0.25–2.56) | 0.97 (0.37–2.57) | 1.06 (0.31–3.56) |
| Others | 0.59 (0.17–2.08) | 0.57 (0.14–2.35) | 0.25 (0.04–1.55) | 0.26 (0.03–2.28) | 0.00 (0.00) | 1.07 (0.60–1.92) |
| Education | ||||||
| Primary or less | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Secondary or more | 1.27 (0.92–1.76) | 1.30 (0.90–1.89) | 1.22 (0.70–2.14) | 1.08 (0.56–2.06) | 1.07 (0.66–1.72) | 1.07 (0.60–1.92) |
| Strata | ||||||
| Urban | 1.44 (1.10– 1.89)* | 1.16 (0.84–1.60) | 1.61 (1.01– 2.57)* | 1.63 (1.02– 2.62)* | 0.82 (0.53–1.24) | 0.95 (0.55–1.62) |
| Rural | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Single | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Married | 1.18 (0.38–3.66) | 2.25 (0.65–7.74) | 7.23 (1.75–29.79)* | 7.58 (1.82– 31.60)* | 0.90 (0.09–8.82) | 3.188 (0.00) |
| Widow/ Widower/ divorcee | 1.31 (0.42–4.13) | 1.79 (0.51–6.26) | 6.28 (1.47– 26.74)* | 6.63 (1.54– 28.54)* | 1.11 (0.11– 10.97) | 5.248 (0.00) |
| Occupation | ||||||
| Employed | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Unemployed/ retiree | 1.60 (1.16–2.21)* | 1.40 (0.98–2.00) | 1.15 (0.65–2.03) | 1.36 (0.70–2.62) | 0.84 (0.48–1.45) | 0.95 (0.50–1.80) |
| Household income (RM) | ||||||
| <1000 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 1001–2000 | 1.79 (1.24–2.58)* | 1.79 (1.20–2.67)* | 0.68 (0.36–1.28) | 0.70 (0.36–1.37) | 1.70 (0.96–2.99) | 1.45 (0.75–2.81) |
| >2001 | 1.88 (1.38–2.55)** | 1.71 (1.23–2.37)* | 0.76 (0.44–1.32) | 0.63 (0.35–1.14) | 1.54 (0.94–2.53) | 1.73 (0.97–3.08) |
OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval
*p < 0.05
**p < 0.001