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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2015 May 1;69(0 1):S37–S43. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000000587

Table 1.

Sample characteristics for those linked to care and multivariate regression results by residence in a hotspot for poor retention in care

Predictors and Values Total In a Hotspot for Poor
Retention in Care		 Not in a Hotspot for
Poor Retention in Care		 Multivariable
Regression Model
Label Level N % N % N % AOR 95% CI
Age at diagnosis < 25 341 24.29 78 22.74 263 24.79 1
25–44 663 47.22 166 48.40 497 46.84
45+ 400 28.49 99 28.86 301 28.37
Sex at Birth Male 977 69.59 267 77.84 710 66.92 Ref
Female 427 30.41 76 22.16 351 33.08 0.633 0.454–0.884
Race Hispanic 260 18.52 35 10.20 225 21.21 1
Other/UNK 60 4.27 21 6.12 39 3.68
Black 857 61.04 209 60.93 648 61.07
White 227 16.17 78 22.74 149 14.04
Transmission Risk MSM 538 38.32 164 47.81 374 35.25 1
IDU 127 9.05 17 4.96 110 10.37
Heterosexual 569 40.53 125 36.44 444 41.85
Other/NIR 170 12.11 37 10.79 133 12.54
Insurance Medicaid 420 29.91 73 21.28 347 32.70 1
Medicare 131 9.33 35 10.20 96 9.05
None 230 16.38 56 16.33 174 16.40
Other/UNK 321 22.86 85 24.78 236 22.24
Private 302 21.51 94 27.41 208 19.60
Economic Deprivation Index Mean (MED) 19.33 (19.64) 15.3 (14.75) 20.63 (20.78) 0.920 0.903–0.937
Pharmacy Density (rate per 1,000 population) Mean (MED) 0.35 (0.24) 0.38 (0.25) 0.34 (0.24) 1
Public Transit Route Density (rate per 1,000 population) Mean (MED) 5.55 (4.92) 6.33 (5.86) 5.30 (4.70) 1.041 1.000–1.085
Distance to Care (in miles) Mean (MED) 3.65 (2.88) 2.92 (2.27) 3.88 (3.08) 0.847 0.797–0.899
Average Distance to 5 closest pharmacies (in miles) Mean (MED) 0.56 (0.55) 0.56 (0.57) 0.56 (0.55) 2.4123 1.144–5.086
1

Variable was not significant in univariate analysis and was not entered into the regression model for poor retention.

2

Economic Deprivation was calculated from the American Community Survey data elements of percent employed in low-wage occupation, percent households in poverty, percent households receiving food stamps, percent female-headed households with dependent children, and percent less than high school education.

3

Distance to care was assessed using the spatial locations of cases and HIV care providers using the street address at time of HIV diagnosis and the address of the medical care sites where initial linkage to care.