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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Trends Biotechnol. 2015 Aug 12;33(9):514–524. doi: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2015.07.001

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Paracrine release of IL-2 by a targeted nanoparticle therapeutic enhances T-Cell proliferation and activation. (a) Schematic illustration of experimental conditions to test the efficacy of paracrine delivery of IL-2. In the transwell condition, the particle and cells are separated by a transwell barrier. In the uncoated condition, the particle and cells are mixed together but there is no targeted delivery of the IL2. (b) The highest T-Cell fold expansion is observed in the groups with targeted paracrine delivery of IL-2 by artificial antigen presenting cell particles. (c) CD-25 (IL-2 receptor) expression is highest in the group with targeted paracrine delivery of IL-2. (d) Computational modeling of local juxtapositional concentration effects. With the narrowing of the gap between the aAPC and the cell, there is an increase in the available local concentration of the released therapeutic. Reproduced with permission from Steenblock et al, J Biol Chem (2011) [70].