Table 1.

Summary of various biomimetic particle based therapeutics.

Selected Biomimetic Focus	Biomimetic Target*	Biomimetic Feature**	Material***	Size	Application	Reference
Core Particle	Red blood cells	Low compressive modulus	HEA/PEGDA/CEA hydrogel	6 μm	Extension of circulation half life	[24]
	APCs	Magnetic assembly of APC/T-Cell sMAC	Iron-dextran	50-100 nm	Antigen specific T-Cell activation	[13, 14]
	APCs	Ellipsoidal artificial cell shape	PLGA	4-5 μm	Antigen specific T-Cell activation	[45, 46]
	Filamentous viruses	Non-spherical micellar DNA vector	PEG-b-PPA	40-70 nm	Hepatic gene delivery	[60]
	Stromal cells	Paracrine delivery of LIF	PLGA	100-200 nm	Dopaminergic cell regeneration	[65]
	APCs	Paracrine delivery of IL-2	PLGA	8 μm	Antigen specific T-Cell activation	[69]
Surface Chemistry	“Self”	“Self” marker surface presentation	PS and CD47 mimicking peptides	160 nm	Extension of circulation half life	[74]
	Cell membranes	PEGylated lipid envelope	PLGA/PEG-DSPE/Combrestatin	80-120 nm	Drug delivery for tumor treatment	[75]
	Cell membranes	Targeted particle supported lipid bilayer	Mesoporous silica and lipid bilayer	120 nm	Cellular binding and intracellular delivery	[90-93]
	Red blood cells	RBC derived supported membrane	PLGA and RBC membrane	70 nm	Extension of circulation half life	[97-100]
	White blood cells	WBC derived supported membrane	Silica and leukocyte membranes	1-2 μm	Enhanced trafficking to inflamed areas	[101]
	Cancer cells	Melanoma derived supported membrane	PLGA and melanoma cell membranes	100-200 nm	Cancer vaccination	[104]

^*APC = antigen presenting cell.

^**sMAC = supramolecular activation cluster, LIF = leukemia inhibitory factor, RBC = red blood cell, WBC = white blood cell.

^***HEA/PEGDA/CEA = 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate/polyethylene glycol diacrylate/2-carboxyethyl acrylate, PLGA = poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid), PEG-b-PPA = polyethylene glycol-b-polyphosphoramidate, PS = polystryrene, PEG-DSPE = polyethylene glycol distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine