TABLE 4.

The Major Features of the Most Common Craniosynostosis Syndromes

	Apert	Crouzon	Pfeiffer	Muenke	Saethre-Chotzen	Carpenter	Craniofrontonasal dysplasia
Synostosis coronal suture	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Proptosis		+	+
Ptosis			+		+
Hypertelorism	+	+		+	+		+
Cleft palate	+
Deformity of the auricles					Small auricles with prominent auricular crura
Deformity of the hand	Complete syndactyly of dig 2–3–4, sometimes with 5 and or 1		Broad thumbs Partial cutaneous syndactyly dig 2–3		Partial cutaneous syndactyly dig 2–3	Brachydactyly, clinodactyly, partial syndactyly, camptodactyly	Longitudinal grooves of the nails
Deformity of the foot	Complete syndactyly of all toes		Broad great toes; Partial cutaneous syndactyly dig 2–3–4		Broad great toe in hallux valgus; Mild brachydactyly; Partial cutaneous syndactyly dig 3–4	Duplicated great toe	Broad great toe; Longitudinal grooves of the nails
Malformations of the internal organs	10% congenital heart defect; 10% urogenital malformation					50% congenital heart defect, urogenital malformation (hypogenitalism)