Table 1. Clinical characteristics of the study population.
| Parameters | NGT (n = 64) | T1DM without MVC a (n = 97) | T1DM with MVC b (n = 36) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender (male/female) | 32/32 | 49/48 | 19/17 |
| Age [Years] | 30.40 ± 15.76 | 29.02 ± 16.94 | 34.47 ± 16.03 |
| Body mass index [kg/m 2 ] | 20.19 ± 4.07 | 19.66 ± 5.60 | 20.74 ± 4.3 |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 4.72 ±0.33 | 11.3 ± 6.02 *** | 10.4 ± 4.2 *** |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 31.24±12.6 | 93.81 ± 18.17 *** | 93.31 ±25.50 *** |
| 5.0±3.3 | 10.7±3.8 *** | 10.7±4.5 *** | |
| Systolic BP [mm Hg] | 108.7 ± 11.02 | 111.9 ± 15.7 | 119 ± 15.98 ** |
| Diastolic BP [mmHg] | 69.95 ± 8.17 | 71.12 ± 7.57 | 74.67 ± 6.12 * |
| % Hypertensives | Nil | 3% | 5% |
| Total Cholesterol(mmol/L) | 9.38 ± 1.38 | 8.7 ± 2.02 ** | 9.0 ± 1.87 * |
| HDL Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.71 ± 0.42 | 2.6 ± 0.65 | 2.86 ± 0.88 |
| LDL Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 6.08 ± 1.59 | 5.1 ± 1.89 ** | 5.08 ± 1.54 ** |
| Serum Triglycerides(mmol/L) | 4.41 ± 1.55 | 4.71 ± 1.91 | 4.79 ± 2.04 |
| GAD positivity [%] | 0 | 37 | 28 |
| Micro albuminuria (mg/dL) | 7.87 ± 12.28 | 8.98 ± 7.61 | 97±107 *** |
| Serum Urea (mmol/L) | 1.12 ± 0.25 | 1.38 ± 0.85 | 1.57 ±1.12* |
| EPE(mg/day) | 103.4 ± 100.5 | 124.9 ± 48.2 *** | 282 ± 397 *** |
| Diabetic Retinopathy(DR) (%) | 0 | 0 | 42 |
| Diabetic Nephropathy(DN) (%) | 0 | 0 | 44 |
| DN + DR (%) | 0 | 0 | 14 |
| Disease duration [Years] | 8.23 ± 7.14 | 13.54 ± 6.57 | |
| Treatment | - | Insulin Anti-hypertensive drugs | Insulin Anti-hypertensive drugs |
a- Comparison between NGT and T1DM;
b- Comparison between NGT and T1DM-MVC.
Data are given as mean± SD for continuos variables and as % for proportions. Statistical significance was determined by One-way ANOVA.
* p< 0.05;
**p< 0.01;
***p<0.0001.
FPG-fasting plasma glucose; HbA1C-glycated hemoglobin. Letters in bold highlight values which are significant.