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. 2015 Sep 14;10(9):e0137979. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137979

Fig 7. Schematic diagram of the activated signalings in human pleural mesothelial cells upon Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.

Fig 7

MTBRa induces TNF-α expression in human pleural mesothelial cells through activation of TLR2/ERK signaling pathway, and increases MMP-1 and MMP-9 production (see text for further explanation). MTBRa, heat-killed M. tuberculosis H37Ra; TLR, toll-like receptor; ERK, extracellular-signal-regulated kinase; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; Ⓟ, phosphorylate