Table 8.
Study | Patterns | Description |
---|---|---|
Ingegnoli et al. [20] | Normal | 6–8 capillaries/mm, capillaries length between 200 and 500 µ, hairpin-shaped loops arranged in parallel rows, with absence of hemorrhages |
Minor abnormalities |
6–8 capillaries/mm, <10% of the total loops can be longer than normal, and <50% can be tortuous loops, arranged in parallel rows, with the absence of hemorrhages | |
Major abnormalities |
⩽6–8 capillaries/mm, >10% of the total loops can be longer than normal, and >50% can be tortuous, enlarged, meandering, and branched loops, disarranged, with the presence of hemorrhages | |
Scleroderma pattern |
<6 capillaries/mm, >10% of the total loops can be longer than normal, tortuous, branched, bushy, enlarged, and giant loops, disarranged, with presence of hemorrhages | |
| ||
Pavlov-Dolijanovic et al. [78] | Normal | Typical hair pin structure or minor capillary morphological changes in distribution or size of loops |
Nonspecific | Meandering and crossed capillaries, capillary thinning, linear elongation of the loop, focal distribution of capillary hemorrhages, prominent subpapillary plexus, capillary spasm, nonhomogeneous distribution or size of loops, widening of the afferent, and apical and efferent part of loop | |
Scleroderma [74] | Early: few enlarged/giant capillaries, few capillary haemorrhages, no evident loss of capillaries, and relatively well-preserved capillary distribution | |
Active: frequent giant capillaries, frequent capillary haemorrhages, moderate loss of capillaries, mild disorganisation of the capillary architecture, and absent or mild ramified capillaries | ||
Late: irregular enlargement of the capillaries, few or absent giant capillaries and haemorrhages, disorganisation of the normal capillary array, severe loss of capillaries with extensive avascular areas, and ramified/bushy capillaries |