Table 2.
A summary of psychophysical studies testing global motion perception in ASD using RDK.
| Study | Intact/Impaired in ASD | Participants | Motion direction | Speed (deg/s) | Density (dots/deg2) | Dot life time | Trial duration (ms) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spencer et al., 2000 | Impaired | ASD: 7–11-year-olds (n = 23), TD children: 7–11-year-olds (n = 50), TD adults (n = 19) | Rightwards/Leftwards | 5.8 | 4 | Limited | Unspecified |
| Milne et al., 2002 | Impaired | ASD: 9–15-year-olds (n = 25), TD: 9–15-year-olds (n = 22) | Rightwards/Leftwards | 8.8 | Unspecified | Limited | 1000 |
| Pellicano et al., 2005 | Impaired | ASD: 8–12-year-olds (n = 20), TD: 8–12-year-olds (n = 20) | Upwards/Downwards | Unspecified | Unspecified | Limited | 600 |
| Davis et al., 2006 | Impaired only for 1000 ms | ASD: 10–18-year-olds (n = 9), TD: 7–15-year-olds (n = 9) | Rightwards/Leftwards | 6.36 | 2.51 | Unspecified | Two Conditions: 220/1000 |
| Del Viva et al., 2006 | Intact for expansion and optic flow; impaired for concentric | ASD: 6–16.6-year-olds (n = 13), TD: 6–19-year-olds (n = 31) | Rightwards–leftwards/Clockwise–anticlockwise/Circular-toward center or away from it | 10 | 0.44 | Limited | 160 |
| Milne et al., 2006 | Intact | ASD: 8–13-year-olds (n = 23), TD: 8–12-year-olds (n = 23) | Rightwards/Leftwards | 7 | 2.14 | Limited | 2300 |
| Spencer and O'Brien, 2006 | AS-intact; ASD-impaired | ASD: 13.5-year-olds (n = 15), ASa: 12-year-olds (n = 10), TD: mean age of 11.7 (n = 15) | Concentric | 5.8 | 4 | Limited | 250 |
| White et al., 2006 | Impaired | ASD: 8–12-year-olds (n = 22), TD: 8-years-olds (n = 22) | Rightwards/Leftwards | 7 | 2.14 | Limited | 2300 |
| de Jonge et al., 2007 | Intact (for all age groups) | ASD: 7–12-year-olds (n = 13), 13–18-year-olds (n = 7), adults (n = 9), TD: 7–12-year-olds (n = 11), 13–18-year-olds (n = 12), adults (n = 9) | Rightwards/Leftwards | Unspecified | Unspecified | Unspecified | Unspecified |
| Pellicano and Gibson, 2008 | Impaired | ASD: 8–12-year-olds (n = 20), TD: 8–12-year-olds (n = 61) | Upwards/Downwards | 6.33 | Unspecified | Limited | 600 |
| Takarae et al., 2008 | ASD with language delay-impaired; ASD without-intact | ASD with language delay: 16-year-olds (n = 41), ASD without language delay: 15-year-olds (n = 36), TD: 16.5-year-olds (n = 46) | Rightwards/Leftwards | 3.3 | 2.26 | Limited | 300 |
| Tsermentseli et al., 2008 | ASD-impaired; AS-intact | ASD: adults (n = 10), AS: mean age= 23.3 (n = 11), TD: adults (n = 32) | Concentric | 5.8 | 4 | Limited | 250 |
| Atkinson, 2009 | Impaired | ASD: adults (n = 13), TD: adults (n = 16) | Rightwards/Leftwards | 2 | 6 | Unspecified | 200 |
| Koldewyn et al., 2009 | Impaired | ASD: 11–19-year-olds (n = 30), TD: 12–19-year-olds (n = 32) | Rightwards/Leftwards | 4.5–9 | Unspecified | Limited | 2000 |
| Annaz et al., 2010 | Impaired | ASD: 5–12-year-olds (n = 23), TD: 4–12-year-olds (n = 34) | Rightwards/Leftwards | 3.21 | Unspecified | Limited | Unspecified |
| Jones et al., 2011 | Intact | ASD: 14–16-year-olds (n = 89), TD: 14–16-year-olds (n = 52) | Rightwards/Leftwards | 2.5 | Varying across trails | Limited | Up to 6000 |
| Koldewyn et al., 2011 | Intact | ASD: 11–19-year-olds (n = 16), TD: 11–19-year-olds (n = 16) | Rightwards/Leftwards | 4.5–9 | 2.2 | Limited | 2000 |
| Yamasaki et al., 2011 | Intact | ASD: adults (n = 12), TD: adults (n = 12) | Rightwards/Leftwards or radial outward or inward | 5 | 0.16 | Unspecified | 750 |
| Chen et al., 2012 | Intact | ASD: mean age of 15.6 (n = 19), TD: mean age of 15.7 (n = 17) | Rightwards/Leftwards | 5.25 | 5.19 | Unlimited | 300 |
| Robertson et al., 2012 | Impaired only in the 200 ms condition | ASD: adults (n = 20), TD: adults (n = 20) | Rightwards/Leftwards | 5 | 1.85 | limited | Three conditions: 200/400/1500 |
| Ronconi et al., 2012 | Impaired only in the central condition | ASD: 9–18-year-olds (n = 11), TD: 11–18-year-olds (n = 11) | Upward/Downward/Leftward/Rightward | 12 | 17 | Limited | 300 |
| Greimel et al., 2013 | Intact | ASD: 9–16-year-olds (n = 17), TD: 8–15-year-olds (n = 17) | Rightwards/Leftwards | 5 | 3.12 | Limited | 1080 ms moving randomly, 420 ms moving coherently, 1080 randomly |
| Koldewyn et al., 2013 | Intact | ASD: 5–12-year-olds (n = 34), TD: 5–12-year-olds (n = 34) | Rightwards/Leftwards | 11 | 0.64 | Limited | 100 |
| Manning et al., 2013 | Impaired only in the slow condition | ASD: 7–13-year-olds (n = 28), TD: 7–14-year-olds (n = 32) | Rightwards/Leftwards | 1.5/6 | 0.83 | Limited | 1000 |
| Manning et al., 2015 | Intact | ASD: 7–13-year-olds (n = 31), TD: 7–13-year-olds (n = 31) | Rightwards/Leftwards | 1.5 | 0.83 | Limited | 1000 |
a
Asperger syndrome.