Figure 5 (See previous page).

Higher levels of CD4⁺CD57⁺ and CD4⁺CD57⁺CD28⁻ T cells are associated with poor survival in GBM patients using median values as a cut-off for Kaplan–Meier analysis. Direct correlation between expression of CD57 and loss of CD28 on T cells was observed. (A) GBM patients with short-term survival time had significantly higher levels of CD4⁺CD57⁺ cells at 3 and 24 weeks after surgery than long-term survivors. (B) Survival did not differ in patients with high vs. low levels of CD4⁺CD57⁺ T cell at baseline (C). GBM patients with higher levels of CD4⁺CD57⁺ T cells have shorter overall survival than those with lower levels of these cells. (D) Among GBM patients, short-term survivors had significantly higher levels of CD8⁺CD57⁺ cells at 24 weeks after surgery than long-term survivors. (E and F) Survival did not differ in patients with high vs. low levels of CD8⁺CD57⁺ cells before and 3 weeks after surgery. (G) GBM patients with shorter survival times (<20 mo) had significantly higher levels CD4⁺CD57⁺CD28⁻ cells 3 weeks after surgery than those with long-term survival. (H) Survival did not differ in patients with high vs. low levels of CD4⁺CD57⁺CD28⁻ cells at baseline. (I) GBM patients with higher levels of CD4⁺CD57⁺CD28⁻ cells have shorter overall survival than those with lower levels of these cells. (J) Linear regression analysis of direct correlation between expression of CD57 and loss of CD28 on CD4⁺ cells.