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. 2015 Apr 14;4(8):e1026534. doi: 10.1080/2162402X.2015.1026534

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© 2015 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

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Figure 1. — The B7 and CD28 families and the significance of HHLA2 and TMIGD2 within the tumor microenvironment. (A) A structural representation of the B7 and CD28 family members. (B) A proposed model for the roles of HHLA2 and TMIGD2 within the tumor microenvironment. Tumor-expressed HHLA2 can interact not only with an unidentified receptor on activated T cells that leads to coinhibition, but also with TMIGD2 on endothelium that stimulates tumor angiogenesis. Additionally, tumor-expressed HHLA2 can bind to other immune cells and likely affects their functions in ways that are not yet understood. Finally, tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) may express HHLA2 and interact with TMIGD2 on endothelium.