Figure 3.

Type I Error and Power of MiRKAT Based on Different Kernels for Simulation Scenario 2 with Continuous Outcome when X and Z Are Independent

The ten most abundant OTUs were associated with the outcome. Additional covariates (X) and the microbiome profiles (Z) were simulated independently. Results are shown for tests that did (A) or did not (B) adjust for X. K_w, K_u, K_BC, K₀, K_0.25, K_0.5, and K_0.75 represent MiRKAT results for the weighted UniFrac kernel, unweighted UniFrac kernel, Bray-Curtis kernel, and generalized UniFrac kernels with α = 0, 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75, respectively. K_optimal represents the simulation results for optimal MiRKAT considering all seven kernels, and $K_{{\mathrm{p}}_{\min }}$ shows the results for a naive Bonferroni-adjusted test. Sample size n = 100.